The Nineteenth Century

In the early part of the century J. F. Overbeck, Schadow-Godenhaus, Peter von Cornelius, and Schnorr von Carolsfeld banded together to form the group of Nazarenes active in Rome.  Alfred Rethel became a leader of a school of German historical painting.  Rethel and the realist A. F. E. von Menzel executed woodcuts as well and they were responsible for the 19th-century revival of the medium.  The Biedermeier period brought to the fore, such genre painters as Moritz von Schwind and Karl Spitzweg.  In the late 19th century a new wave of Romanticism emerged that had been foreshadowed by the desolate landscapes of Casper David Friedrich and the complex allegories of P. O. Runge.  Romanticism was exemplified in the architecture of Klaus F. Schinkel.  Romantic painters who were influenced by Italian art included Anselm von Feuerbach and Hans von Marées.