The Eleventh United States Census was taken June 2, 1890. The data was tabulated by machine for the first time. It was the only census that used one sheet per family.
Most of the 1890 census materials were destroyed in a 1921 fire in Washington D.C.  
The records for 6252 families survived:
   
    Alabama  2372   
 
    District of Columbia  1739    
 
    Georgia 10    
 
    Illinois  062    
 
    Minnesota  4    
 
    New Jersey  17    
 
    New York  10   
 
    North Carolina  501    
 
    Ohio  16    
 
    South Dakota  5    
 
    Texas  516
 
The 1890 census collected the following information:

address
number of families in house
number of persons in house
names
whether a soldier, sailor or marine (Union or Confederate) during Civil War, or widow of such person
relationship to head of family
race, described as white, black, mulatto, quadroon, octoroon, Chinese, Japanese, or Indian
sex
age
marital status
married within the year
mother of how many children, and number now living
place of birth of person, and their father and mother
if foreign-born, number of years in US
whether naturalized
whether papers have been taken out
profession, trade or occupation
months unemployed during census year
ability to read and write
ability to speak English, and, if unable, language or dialect spoken
whether suffering from acute or chronic disease, with name of disease and length of time afflicted
whether defective in mind, sight, hearing or speech, or whether crippled, maimed or deformed, with name of defect
whether a prisoner, convict, homeless child, or pauper
home rented, or owned by head or member of family, and, if owned, whether free from mortgage
if farmer, whether farm is rented, or owned by head or member of family; if owned, whether free from mortgage; if rented, post office box of owner