Son of Philip I "the handsome" and Juana "the Mad", monarchs of Castile.

He was the last of the Hapsburg line in Spain and his death without direct issue was signal for the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession, where HRE Charles VI sought unsuccessfully to attain the Spanish throne.

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She was known by the name Charlotte de Bar while a welfare worker in the United States of America from 1943 to 1956. wiki:

• Father: ¤Karl I

In 1529, his forces successfully repelled Suleiman's assault on his capital at Vienna (First Battle of Vienna). wiki: 

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His assassination by the Bosnian Gavrilo Princip, on 28 June 1914, precipitated the beginning of World War I. wiki:

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He was Mozart's patron and famously remarked w/r/t The Marriage of Figaro too many notes, Mozart. Generally percieved to have been a blockhead comment, he was, in fact, echoing what nearly everybody, including his admirers, said about Mozart: he was so imaginative that he couldn't turn it off, and that made his music at times intense, even demonic. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2004/jun/04/classicalmusicandopera] wiki:  né Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam

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• Daughter: ¤Charlotte

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wiki:  né Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard

She was executed by guillotine during the Reign of Terror of the French Revolution, nine months after the execution of her husband. wiki:

• Husband: ¤Louis XVI of France

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He ruthlessly suppressed the Moors in Spain (1571); Married ¤Mary I of England, but had renounced any claim to the English crown as part of the marriage contract. Upon her death, his suit to her successor, ¤Elizabeth I, was rejected. ¤Mary Queen of Scots had named him heir to her claim to the English throne and, on her death, Philip prepared the "Invincible Armada" for invasion. Defeat of the Armada marked passage of rule of the seas from Spain to England. wiki: 

Rudolf II was one of the most eccentric European monarchs of that or any other period. Rudolf collected dwarfs and had a regiment of giants in his army. He was surrounded by astrologers, and he was fascinated by games and codes and music. He was typical of the occult-oriented noblemen of this period and epitomized the liberated northern European prince. He was a patron of alchemy and supported the printing of alchemical literature.

Note that this HRE is called Rudolf II as successor of Rudolf I who was German king (1273-1291) but was not emperor. WIKI wiki: 

His death, apparently through suicide, along with that of his mistress, Baroness Mary Vetsera, at his Mayerling hunting lodge in 1889 made international headlines, fueled international conspiracy rumours and ultimately may have sealed the long-term fate of the Habsburg monarchy. Despite numerous suicide letters, later forensic analysis concluded beating, not gunshots, for her death, so the exact cause and circumstances of Rudolf's death remain a mystery to this day. wiki:

• Mistress: ¤VETSERA, Mary

The two lovers were found dead under mysterious circumstances at the Emperor Franz Joseph's hunting lodge — the incident is known as Mayerling, after the name of the lodge. wiki: