Indian, Afghan and Syrian References

Richmond River Herald (Coraki)

11Jun1897: More Hindoos.- By the Tomki a batch of 94 Hindoos were brought into the district to further augment the number of these evil smelling aliens who have settled, like a plague, in the district. We understand that this is only an instalment of the crowd that is to follow, and who are imported by their countrymen to work on land leased by them.  The main settlement at the present is on the Tucki ranges, at the back of Wyrallah, but it seems only a question of time when the area there will be too circumscribed to accommodate the immigrants, and other centres will be formed by them. If the influx continues at the present rate, for any length of time, Europeans will find themselves in the minority, and the coloured gentry will be in a position to dictate their own terms.
18Jun1897: Editorial Influx of Aliens. The alarming rate at which the coloured races are reaching the colony, and more particularly on the northern rivers, ….Were this the only objectionable feature that could be urged against their unrestricted advent, it would still be of sufficient moment to demand attention, when it is taken into consideration that the earnings… But when, in addition to this comparatively insignificant circumstance, the filthy habits of the race are put on the scale, and the probability of an outbreak of infectious disease occurring through the insanitary methods they adopt are taken into account…. The inhabitants of sunny New South Wales have nothing in common with these dark-skinned marauders from over the sea…. Half page rant.
2Jul1897: Public Notice. Influx of Aliens. Public Meeting Victoria Hall, Wardell, Tuesday next. Coloured Labour Question, …by request P. McGrath.
2Jul1897: Influx of Aliens. Letter to Editor by ‘Reason’. Your very thoughtful leader on this question, which appeared in last Friday’s issue, induces me to scribe a line or two by way of criticism. Among other generalities, it is stated (firstly) that the Hindoos work for less wages than their white neighbours; (secondly) that the bulk of the proceeds of their labour finds its way to their native home; (thirdly) that in the sugar industry there is a probability of their competition being extended to manufacturing. I have no doubt about the correctness of these assertions, but desire at the same time to say, that so far as wages are concerned, experience and inquiry have shown me that it is only for a season or two at most that low wages are accepted by the Hindoo. If my information is correct, batches of them during this season have declined cane-stripping on terms that were almost immediately accepted by white men. That they should send money orders across the seas is neither extraordinary nor, so far as I can judge, serious, whilst it is in absolute accord with the procedure of both native and adopted Australians. Parents and families throughout the United Kingdom have, and to-day are, in constant receipt of remittances from their children in America, Australia, Canada, and elsewhere, the total of which is something startling. Yet, no complaint is made of this great exportation of ‘purchasing power’ by the whites. Should the Hindoos erect a sugar mill or mills do you not think it should amount to a serious reflection upon the white population? Where is the energy, enterprise, skill, education, competitive ability, and general supremacy of the white man, when, under his very nose, it is proposed to take trade out of his hands, and where he has been unable to make one blade of grass grow an inferior race threaten to grow two? The tone of your leading article appears somewhat pessimistic. Is there any occasion for this? And if so, is it not more on account of certain foreign elements of character, habits, color, and religion being introduced among a highly-civilised people, rather than an adaptability or super-ability in the field of commerce that gives rise to it? There ARE reasons why these people should be limited, &c, but it does seem a pity to excite antagonism on what appears purely superficial grounds.
9Jul1897: Shunting Undesirable Immigrants. The above heading does not in any way refer to the influx of the evil smelling Hindoo, the bland Chinese, the copper coloured Jap, or any other that ilk…. About criminals in general.
16Jul1897: The Hindoo Problem. Reprint from the Sydney Mail. The turbaned Asiatic is creating more trouble than ever since he has to some extent relinquished peddling his shoddy wares amongst the country people and turned his attention to more legitimate rural pursuits. On the northern rivers an agitation in favour of the complete restriction of alien races is spreading rapidly. The position is rather complex. We learn that the Asiatic are becoming a menace to the prosperity of the farmers, while at the same time the report of a public meeting at Ballina states that they have a degrading effect on the Labour market. It was said that through the influence of these coloured people wages on farms were reduced to 5s and 6s per week, the Hindoo being willing to work for 2s6d per week. Since they discovered that Australia is the Eldorado of the hawker these miserable peddlers have added themselves to the numerous pests that afflict the farmer. But it is a little difficult to see how they can become at once the curse of the farmer and the farm labourer. If the Hindoo has really bought wages down to 5s and 6s per week he must have assisted the farmer to a great extent. Of course this competition on the land may be a thing to dread, but that must remain a very limited quantity for many years to come. It is doubtful, indeed, if the specimens of these races that have so far invaded the colonies will ever seriously interfere with any Australian farmer who knows his business. It is the farm labourer who has most to lose, and even here it is incomprehensible that any practical agriculturist would employ a shuffling, unhelpful, inexperienced Asiatic in place of a good, useful farm hand, even though the black worked for his keep. At one time the Chinese threatened to ruin the prospects of the farm labourer. But the Chinaman very soon discovered that he was keeping the market down, and demanding full wages, with the result that he was dismissed from the farms, being inferior in capacity to the regular workman.  Whatever the actual merits of the Asiatic question in the north and its possibilities, everybody will sympathise with the residents who are making an effort to rid their districts of a most objectionable and almost useless race.
16Jul1897: The Alien Question’ + Troubles in India. Repeat of Daily Telegraph article.

6Aug1897: The Alien Question. The natural anxiety prevalent owing to the rapid influx of dark-skinned races to the district shows no signs of abatement, but rather the reverse, and resolutions, varying in form, but almost identical in import, have been adopted by assemblies of the white population in various centres, with a view of having the unwelcome intruders excluded from the colony. By a paragraph in one of our contemporaries, we notice that the Hindoo workers of the Clarence announce their readiness to erect their own machinery, failing getting their cane crushed by the present Sugar Company, and, although we cannot help regarding the statement as unauthentic, and merely a rehash of what was current rumour on the river, where the pest is particularly numerous, the assertion is sufficiently alarming as to be worthy of more than passing notice….what hope is there that the Richmond River, which fairly stinks in certain quarters of these highly-flavoured races, can rid itself of the plague? The Bill…  Those in trade may naturally demur at being asked to turn away good money from their doors, but there remains the possibility that such a course would be a financial benefit in the need, for, if the race can find capital to erect costly machinery for the treatment of sugar, there is nothing to prevent them blossoming forth as merchants and storekeepers on a large scale, and this will probably be the next development in the drama, and the ultimate results are not pleasant to contemplate. Could a comprehensive union be formed in this district, having for its object the total exclusion of this black, inharmonious element referred to, and could members of such a union be induced to act on the lines suggested, this matter, which at present bears a very ominous aspect, could be effectively dealt with and settled long before the cumbrous machinery of ordinary or special law can be set in motion….
13Aug1897: In Defence of John Chinaman.
8Sep1897: Coloured Warriors. Kanakas.
17Sep1897: The Alien Trouble. Filthy habits of the Hindoos. Gillies of Sugar Defence League.
5Nov1897: Coloured Labour in Cane Growing…..On the northern rivers there are Hindoos and Kanakas in great numbers in every place where sugar is growing. The Kanakas must have drifted down from Queensland…

3Dec1897: Coloured Races Problem. Despite the deep-rooted antipathy and undisguised repugnance which the white races in the colony entertain towards their brethren with the coloured epidermis, and, notwithstanding the efforts made to exclude them from New South Wales territory, these gentry still arrive in a continuos stream, and, ere prohibitive enactments can be placed on the Statute Book, it seems certain that this undesirable class can be numbered by thousands in our midst. As could easily be foreseen by anyone who took the trouble to think, the proposal to exclude those of the despised race, who were, in reality, British subjects, was encompassed with difficulty, and, in fact, impractical, seeing that Royal assent could not be given, and it is gratifying to find that the problem of how to restrict the influx of these so-called aliens, stands a chance of being solved in the near future, and with honor to both parties.  The Bill…. are to be subject to a rigid educational test…   The Scum threatens to completely overflow these colonies in the future, and the flood has already set in, while apathy at the outset on the part of our legislators, … If anything like perfect unanimity existed among the dwellers in Australia, or this portion of it, on the baneful influence exercised by these semi-aliens, there would be no need for legislation enactments to control the black curse, as employers have the remedy in their own hands; but despite the clamour raised in many quarters, it is evident that with a goodly percentage of the people the agitation raised against this scourge is more simulated than real, otherwise ACTION, not words, would be the outcome. ….
3Dec1897: Hindoos and Dairying. Speaking on the Alien Bill lately passed by the House, Mr McFarlane, MP, is reported to have said that it was not in the sugar industry that these coloured races were chiefly engaged on the northern rivers, but in farming pursuits, dairying, &c. It is a great pity that the member for Clarence did not make sure of his facts before making utterances of this kind, which are so palpably false and easily refuted. ….the assertion that Hindoos are engaged to any extent outside the sugar industry, or at all in dairying, cannot be substantiated… It is news indeed to the residents of the Richmond, in whose midst the bulk of these vile-smelling races in the colony are supposed to be congregated, to learn that the proportion of them that infest the canefields is infinitesimal, and that in the milking yard and on the farm…. As far as dairying is concerned, we may doubt seriously if these gentry know the difference between the sexes in the stockyard, and, accusing them of drawing the lacteal fluid, suggests laughable possibilities… It is humiliation enough in all conscience to farmers in the north to be taunted with the gathering of this pest among them…. without being accused of employing the stinking race… Cane-stripping may be an avocation unfit for white labor, and, as such, may furnish some justification for the employment of the coloured man, but his engagement otherwise is wholly indefensible…
10Dec1897: The Alien Question. Ewing of Lismore addresses parliament.
17Dec1897: Article The Hindoo. The Clarence Advocate disputes our assertion that the ‘black agony’ is mainly employed in cane culture, and seems disposed to back up the member for The Clarence in his statement that they are mainly engaged in other farming pursuits, dairying, &c. In support of this it is stated:
Numbers of them have been leasing land on which they pursue poultry…
Not so says Coraki… Any factory receiving milk from this filthy race would be tabooed…
24Dec1897: An Open Letter to the Horrid Hindoo. Letter to Editor by Charles O’Malley. SKUNK – Polecat! In this little world of ours we are fated to meet all sorts and conditions of people, and you especially are of the all-sort variety. I would not condescend to address you at all but you are such an infernal nuisance.  You are facetiously called ‘God’s creature’ but as Cervantes says ‘Every man is as God made him, and sometimes a great deal worse.’ And you are worse; very much worse. Josh Billings says: ‘One polecat is enough for any neighbour, especially if the wind is in favour of the polecat,’ and his witticism is equally applicable to you, you human polecat. It is always healthy to keep well to windward of you. You don’t seem to appreciate God’s blessing of pure water. And, do you sleep with that turbaned poultice on your head? I have often wondered if that poultice contained insecticide, or if it were merely a fattening paddock. Somehow, I think the odds are in favour of the stock. Your excretional, omnipresent odour is certainly the ‘most ancient and fishlike smell that ever offended human nostril’, and combined with your mortiferous inheritance of bubonic disease, and sickly ebon cast of pock-pitted features, assuredly renders you a most undesirable resident. …And on and on…. You get from 6d to 1/2d a day, while your boss Hindoo employer pockets the balance. You are simply his automaton. He pulls the strings and you work, while you live on the smell of an oil-rag. You are a parasite of the sugar industry, and it is a distinct libel, seriously ridiculous, to assert you have anything to do with dairying; a cow couldn’t stand your effluvia. …All things being equal a white labourer would down you every time. Your living and your habits render it impossible to compete with you. He considers soap a necessity – you an undreamt of luxury. Anxiously awaiting the time when we shall be rid of your obnoxious presence, I am, &c., Charles O’Malley.
31Dec1897: Advance Australia. Sugar and CSR + black labour.

14Feb1898: Sericulture in New Italy
11Mar1898: Mahomet Sadik v. Walter Hall. Assault. Mahomet a hawker of Lismore, brother of Alwied Sadik.
18Mar1898: Sugar and Hindoos, or a Moral ‘White Australia’, Which? L to E by ‘Working Cockie’. Sugar Defence League.
18Mar1898: William Obba, Sandwich Islands.
18Mar1898: Hindoos and Sugar
25Mar1898: Meeting Sugar Defence League. Gillies.

10Sep1920:  Corpse on the Funeral Pyre. Hindu Obsequies at Coraki. Suttee Rahm, Phali Rham, Mudee Rahm.
4Dec23: Charlie Nundah landowner Coraki.

Hindoos in the Tweed, Brunswick, Richmond, and Clarence River Districts wef 30Jul1897: Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly of NSW, Vol 7, pg 249:
Total Richmond 384 (Lismore and Wyrallah 120, Coraki 22, Wardell 9, Rous 109, Ballina 96, Byron Bay 28)
Total Brunswick 0
Total Tweed 58 (Murwillumbah 23, Tumbulgum 35)
Total Clarence 79 (Grafton 32, South Grafton 4, Brushgrove 15, Chatsworth 20, Palmer’s Island 8)
Total 521

Lismore Chronicle

1Jan01: Mr Delph Singh, Indian Medical man. Magellan Lane behind PO.
14Jun01: Didar Singh. Incident Emigrant Creek. Delph Singh and Atta Mahomet Shar interpreters.
27Jan02: Excluding Aliens.
21Aug03: Hernarm Singh on bail.
25Aug03: Embracing the Hindoo. Letter to Editor by ‘Australian Native’. I see by your last issue that the Lismore Jockey Club had a most successful gathering on Wednesday last, also that amongst the various events was a race for Hindoos. That is, an event for horses owned and ridden by members of that smellful race. Now, it does appear strange to me that an sensible body of men should go so far as to forget themselves as to give their money and lend their patronage to such a burlesque as was witnessed on Wednesday last. We have heard so much lately about a White Australia, yet here in a white man’s paradise we find a number of our leading residents (including members of our race committee) doing their level best to countenance their presence amongst us by providing sport exclusively for members of the turbaned race. It is the first time that the residents of Lismore have had the opportunity of witnessing the white man and Hindoo being brought to the same level, and that by men who claim to be leading lights in the sporting world. The Hindoo race may have been an amusing one to many, but to my mind it was most degrading and savoured very much of cruelty to animals. If those who promoted the event specially referred to had to undergo what those poor animals suffered in going twice round the course, they might have a small amount of feeling for that dumb and noble animal. In the interest of humanity, and as a strong protest against being placed on the same level as the Hindoo, I enter my strong protest against any repetition of the burlesque of Wednesday last. If those who promoted the race desire to cater for the Hindoo, let them do so by all means. They can also have their company if they wish for all I care. But to ask decent white people to mix up with the Hindoo is far too degrading, and should not be tolerated. Surely the people of the district can run a race meeting without the support of the coloured visitor: if not, then it would be far better to let racing die out in Lismore. (18Aug03: Race details. Keevi Khan owned horse ‘Khan’.)
8Sep03: Hernam Singh false pretences. Bindoo, Tommy, Atta of Rous.
15Sep03: Guldetta Hindoo furious riding Nth Lis.
18Sep03: The White Australia Question. Sydney Morning Herald reporter visits Northern Rivers…. Residents of these rivers are beginning to talk of the injustice of offering a bonus to white labour in one instance only (cane cutting). The black labour, driven out of the sugar industry, is seeking other openings for employment, and kanakas, Hindoos and other Indians are being engaged in pulling corn, hoeing corn, and a hundred other jobs. The objectionable turbaned person is now actually employed to milk cows, accepting a wage of £1 per week and paying for his keep, with the exception of a couple of pints of milk per day supplied by the farmer. Many farmers are very indignant at the practice of employing such people to milk, and the reading test, which promises to check the influx of these undesirable persons is popular with the best-intentioned people engaged in dairying.
Another phase of the farm labour question which is beginning to be talked about is the employment of young children in the milking yards. I met a school teacher the other day who assured me that some of his small pupils frequently fall asleep in their lessons. These children are up at 4 o’clock in the morning, and some milk 27 cows each before going to school, hurrying home to milk again in the afternoon; then there are school lessons in the evening, and ‘blanket flat’ is not reached at a very early hour.
25Sep03: Rewa Singh v. Gooda Singh. Claim for wages.
16Oct03: Abdullah, Hindoo. No lawful means of support
20Nov03: Harnham Singh false pretences. Shafet Shar and others.
15Dec03: Keevi Khan riotous behaviour.

15Jan04: Ollav Singh donates to Lismore Hospital.
2Feb04: Lawrence Collins v. Dal Singh. Collins knocked his turban off and Dal assaulted him. But both fined for riotous behaviour.
19Feb04: Black Labour in the Maize Fields. Hindoos.
23Feb04: A noticeable feature on Sunday morning was 2 hindoos driving a herd of young milkers through our streets – probably to some farm which asiatics have taken up. It is too well-known that the hindoos are strongly embarking in the dairying in this district, and for the district’s sake, it is to be hoped that our creameries will strictly refuse to take any product from these undesirable people….the dirtiest and most degraded characters at present existing.
1Mar04: Najee Hillway – storekeeper. (Syrian hawker)
1Apr04: Deen Mahomet, Indian labourer….
8Apr04: Deen Mahomet v. William Emery. Deen owed wages by Emery but Emery didn’t front to court.
15Apr04: Nawob Khan, a Hindoo – carrying a firearm. Ganessa, a Hindoo – stealing from Ram Singh who was working for Dick McMahon at Gundurimba and wanted to take McMahon to court for beating him. Utter Singh witness working for Mr Kennedy Gundurimbah. Milky Singh witness of South Gundurimba – been here 4yrs. Ram recently arrived from Sydney and stayed with Milky.
19&26Apr04: Rham Singh 20yrs old and been Aust 2yrs and 8mths drowns Hanging Rock Creek. Working for George Latchen Hanging Rock. Schur Singh brother of Rham. Dozen Hindoos at cremation.
6May 04: Frank Bracks – Syrian hawker
10May04: The Hoodlum Pest- larrikins. White Australia. North/South divide. Aliens get the north.
13May04: White-Black Australia. A most infrequent sight in the public streets of Lismore: The humble white man on his knees blacking the boots of the noble nigger.
17May04: Dean Mahomet in court
20May04: Harum Chum. Stole a horse from Roor Singh. The evidence in this case was peculiarly oriental in its subtlety, and the prospect was looming forth of a dozen or more of men in turbans being called upon to give evidence vicariously interpreted…
27May04: Expenses of Coloured Witnesses. To be paid half the daily allowance payable to the adult white witnesses. It is an axiom that the coloured can, or does, live cheaper than the white man. Too long, according to the department, has he revelled in luxury at the expense of the country; from henceforth he will have to carry his ‘possum or rice with him and do his own cooking, for hotels and boarding houses will not lodge and board them at half-rates. Presumably also he will have to travel on foot….

17Jun04: Frank Bracks arrested Sydney. Alleged swindle by a well-known Lismore Syrian.
12Jul04. Undesirable Aliens
15Jul04. A White Australia. Satire on chimney sweeps
29Jul04: Asham Kahn, a Hindoo, plaintiff v. James McNaughton, defendant. McNaughton threw mud at him but says he didn’t and wins case with costs.
12Aug04: Kurn Chan (probably Khan?) assaulted by John Knight. Pulled his turban off.
26Aug04: Police Court Business. The time of the bench was taken up considerably by a number of Hindoos.
Mr Keenam with shop South Lismore, lets shop to a white man for £1 a week – but he was never paid. Now an Assyrian ‘Gentleman’ had it on lease for 12mths at 15s per week. He was the only one who would pay.
30Aug04: ‘Old Hindoo Genisson Rum' charged Lalla Singh over a small debt
W.R. Baker. Letter of resignation from the Tweed-Lismore Stock Board.
7Oct04: Najah Hillway – hawker. White Australia and the Sugar Industry
18Oct04: White Labour in Canefields
Louis Williams, American Negro, murders Mullah Mahomed, an Afghan, at Terry-Hie-Hie, 26miles from Moree. John Mahomed witness
Perjury case Mullumbimby. Delph Singh v. Luke George. Delph’s farm Bilamble Creek, Murbah
25Oct04: Mysterious fire Dr Delph Singh’s residence Mullumbimby during process of moving out to Byron Bay and Dr Leighton Kesteven of Lismore moving in. Singh’s stuff insured but Kesteven’s not.
28Oct04: Herbert Joseph Browning, a country larrikin, assaulted Shank Ram
4Nov04: Anthony Hajjar, The New Trade Palace, Keen St. Drapery.
8Nov04: An untenanted humpy, which had lately been occupied by Hindoos on the Tweed Rd, 3miles from Lismore. Takoor and Melba (Hindoos) sue for unpaid wages. Dismissed. Herbert Jurd v. Charlie Kong
18Nov04: Petition against Hindoos. Indrah Singh stole cheque from Taga Singh. Dr Delph Singh interpreter. Witnesses Sahib Singh, Nannah, Milky Ramm, Ram Kissian. His Honour, Judge Murray, at the conclusion of the Hindoo case, expressed the opinion that these and Chinese cases should be tried by an Asiatic tribunal. + ---- Singh, a Hindoo, drunk
2Dec04: Harnarm Singh, 30, a Hindoo labourer assaulted Margaret Graham Grant at Gundurimba after she pulled turban off. Residing with Singh at Rous for 6-7weeks then went to board with Joe Keria, a Hindoo, with whom Singh also now staying. 6mths hard labour Grafton. Bankruptcy of Delph Singh.  Still owed £160 on contract price of £440 for house Mullum. Mrs Edith Singh living Byron Bay.
13Dec04: Peter Street, solicitor of Murbah and son-in-law of WR Baker of Mullum, owner with others of Tweed and Bruns Advocate. Being sued. Often represented Hindoos.

1905 Chron
13Jan05: Small Debts Court. Surn Singh v. Sundah Singh, both of Mr Ray’s farm Bangalow. Witneses Hinder Singh and Meyo Singh. Sundah sacked after 4yrs on farm.
20Jan05: A Hindoo Letter: The Hindoos are not only a trouble to the court officials – it has long been recognized that they are the greatest source of annoyance the Postal Department has to contend. Generally these aliens use the postmasters as their ‘confidential clerks’ – a by no means easy task. During the week the following communication was picked up in a street in Lismore: - “Jan 17^th, 1905. To the postmaster at ------.------, I, the undorsined, pay money 4 pound Bangalow long time no go India. I want you get him here Lismore. ---- Markdoo.” Whether he wanted the £4 or the person to whom he paid the money to be “got here,” Markdoo didn’t explain, but it will be a pity if he loses his “four jim.” Horse named Hindoo in Lismore Turf Club
20Jan05: Hindoos in the Canefields. – A novel sight, due to the finishing of the sugar season, on the Isis (says the Maryborough Chronicle) was witnessed on Wednesday morning at the Maryborough (Q.) Railway Station. A large number – 20 or 80 – of Hindoos had come down from Childers by train, and were awaiting the arrival of the Brisbane train, by which they afterwards left en route for the Tweed Heads, and presumably for Northern New South Wales, to find employment there. Each man had a pretty large swag, and various kinds of clothing and utensils. They each wore the turban headgear of their country, and their colours were variegated – all the colours of the rainbow to be seen. The question was asked by some as to whether these tall, muscular Asiatics were preferable to the docile kanakas. And yet these are types, or representative of the men who, drilled by the British drill-instructors, are trained into hardy soldiers who endure all the hardship of the frontier campaigns in India. However, if these men are to come and take the place of the kanaka, those who employ them would do well to see after their bodily cleanliness, which appeared to be much neglected.
3Feb05: Donet Khan v. Shahab Deen of Boorie Creek. The court room and its precincts accommodated a veritable brigade of dark-skinned heathens, and atmospheric conditions were none to pleasant. Witnesses La Boo and Rhan Goonh.
28Feb05: A Brutal Assault. Cingalese known as ‘Jimmy’ found lying unconscious North Lismore. Broken jaw and ribs. The town is being besieged by a rough-looking lot of individuals. Editorial Undesirable Residents.
10Mar05: A hawker Fined. Dora Mikal, an Assyrian woman…failed to have her name on the cart.
17Mar05: 6 Hindoos, the majority of whom rejoiced in the name Khan, …claim for wages against Henry Carter. Mudgee Khan.
26May05: Luke Gudge case. Perjury against Delph Singh.
30May05: The Veracity of Hindoos: - During his summing up in the alleged perjury case at the Quarter Sessions on Thursday afternoon. His Honor Judge Heydon, in referring to the unsatisfactory manner in which an Indian witness had given his evidence, remarked that he had occasion previously to refer to the unreliability of evidence given by Hindoos on these rivers. They appeared to forget that they were allowing themselves to be the prey of any unscrupulous white men, who were aware that if they went into court against them a jury would place no reliance on their testimony. He characterized the colored witness in the case under notice as a bad character, whose word the jury would not accept against that of a white man. He admitted that there was a deal of perjury amongst white men, but it appeared of a different kind to that indulged in by aliens or Hindoos.
30May05: Dr Delph Singh case against Luke Gudge. Delph of Mullum and Murbah but living Sydney at the time. Made out to be a conman. Probably was. Gudge not guilty.
30May05: An ancient-looking Hindoo named Naram Singh sued two of his countrymen – Rengan Khan and Ramat Kahn… Won claim for wages.

13Jun05: Dleepe Singh on charge of riotous behaviour. Another case of the larrikin element prevalent in town. A set of larrikins ‘went for’ the Hindoo on Saturady night. The latter, whatever else they might be, were inoffensive. Defendant, with some others, pulled off the puggaree worn by the Hindoo, the result being that the latter were chasing them. The police caught the defendant and also the Hindoo. This assailing the Hindoos was not a proper thing to do and may lead to some more serious crime being committed. When the police left the puggarees were pulled off other Hindoos, while another man was also assaulted. There was a crowd of fully 200 people about. This larrikin, hoodlum element was growing very strong and would have to be put down. … Sub-Inspector Evans went to defend another blackfellow who was getting mobbed. Another Hindoo had to be taken into Ryan’s Hotel to escape the mob. Seeing that the larrikin element was so strong he asked that the full penalty be inflicted, or, if not that, to notify that in future all such offenders will reap the full benefit of the Act.
Defendant said it was the first time he had ever been in Court and he asked to be let off light. He promised not to appear before the Court again.
Sub-Inspector Evans said it was well-known that the Hindoos did not fight the same as other people. Some night when the Hindoos were provoked by the pulling off of their puggarees there would be a stabbing match, and probably the wrong man would get the benefit of it.
The Bench said that the riotous behaviour complained of was out of the ordinary. Defendant had pleaded guilty, but there was no excuse. There was nothing in palliation of the offence. It was a most serious offence that peaceful citizens should be molested in the streets. Defendant was liable to be sent to goal, and if riotous behaviour was persisted in defendants would be sent to gaol. In this case defendant would be given the option of a fine. £2.  Case against Dleepe Singh withdrawn.
27Jun05: The Hindoos had a case amongst themselves, and, strange to relate, they were not in attendance in large numbers. Usually they attack the hill like a football team, both parties being strongly fortified by big armies of witnesses and barrackers… These gentry are getting on famously in the methods of conducting business in court. They go about their business with a great deal more tact than a number of white people. Still their presence is undesirable to all – save the legal gentleman...
Sunda Singh v. Sala Singh. Sunda working for Sala at Lindendale. Witness Isham Singh.
20Jun05: Hindoos in the Dairy.
27Jun05: Foon Young v. A. Khan. Small Debts Court.
7Jul05: Hanan Singh assaulted. Turban pulled off. Sahib Singh assaulted. Turban pulled off but Sahib picks wrong bloke and fined. Big crowd Woodlark St.
21Jul05: Martin Manning on charge of assault against Basanto. Oxenford’s Mill South Lismore. Witnesses Deleepe and Atta. Atta working on a farm at Eureka.
28Jul05: A Serious Charge. Ram Sukh Murbah.
15Aug05: Leprosy inquiry to extend to Hindoos. Maclean Kanaka case.
18Aug05: Martin Manning on another assault charge.
22Sep05: Mudgee Khan sues Hedley Golden for assault.

6Oct05: Martin Manning and Besanto assault case. Atta Mahomed Shar interpreter. Dleepa. Sahab Singh. Shail Singh. Nudga Khan. Khan Risha. Ram Kishan. Bouckallit’s shop (an Assyrian) North Lismore was favourite meeting place for Hindoos.
His Honor, Justice Walker. An unfortunate objection was raised by the advocate for the defence, and that was one of color. The jury must remember that the Hindoos are British subjects, and he trusted the day was far distant when juries would be swayed by a question of color when giving verdicts….
10Oct05: Ram Suk, a Hindoo, alleged abominable offence against William Grovers…. When the jury announced the verdict a number of Hindoos in the gallery commenced to ‘demonstrate’….
27Oct05: A Colored ‘Looney’ – Hindoo,… Jak Singh, whose mental arrangements had developed into chaos, …appeared in court in the uniform of a Staff Sergeant. Byron Bay
3Nov05: While most of the Chronicle’s general articles were mainly neutral on aliens, the scribe penning the Notes and Comments by ‘Quiz’ and, after mid 1905, Notes in Passing by ‘Nimrif’, were pretty rabid. However, late 1905 marked a change with the editorial An Anti-Alien Argument. The chief arguments against the introduction of alien labour into Australia are, or should be, known to everyone. ‘King’ Cole, and certain Bishops, and other people, in trying to combat them have poured Niagara torrents of sentimental flapdoodle on the subject, and miles of newspaper articles have been written. We have almost all agreed that we do not want Hindoos or Japanese or Kanakas or Assyrians to locate themselves on this continent, and the reasons are obvious. There is one point, however, which is seldom raised in connection with the question. We refer to the expense to the State, and the waste of valuable time of magistrates, and frequently of judges, involved in the litigation of which the Hindoo and the other aliens seem as fond of as representatives of the English race. Everyone is familiar with the scene of a Chinaman or a Hindoo in the witness-box. …..But the vast majority of cases were for the Hindoos suing for wages and/or assault.
21Nov05: A Woman’s Warning. ‘The Curse of the Alien’.
5Dec05: Backwash of Society. The other morning a peculiar little party of three – two Hindoos and a white woman … Tweed Herald. It appears the lady had the day previously been united in holy wedlock to one of the Hindoos… The wedding night was spent in the lockup.
8Dec05: Hawkers Licenses. Anthony Hajaar, C. Skife, G. Abdullah Moses, Jabour Nicholes, Francis Samuel, Sarka Solomons, Asea Joseph, Frank Gabbili, Joseph Boucallil, Rosina Boucallil, Saghait Anthony, Joseph Bracks, Joseph Assam, Najah Hillaway, Mary Beatrice, Barbara Bolish, Anthony Nicholos, Dora Michael. Refused to William Hebbul.
8Dec05: Eighteen Alien Hawkers Loosed. No less than eighteen foreigners were granted hawkers’ licenses at the local court on Wednesday, and judging by their names the list includes the Hindoo, Assyrian, and Afghan varieties…… Eighteen of the granted licenses! Surely enough and to spare! This sort of thing arouses a good deal of emotion, and one begins to wonder where it is going to end…. They purchase either in Sydney or Brisbane, in some sweating den, enough shoddy goods to carry out towards the Queensland border, selling as they go, and as their loadings grow less they are able to frequently undercut the genuine carrier. The Assyrian or Hindoo variety of hawker is able to undersell the storekeeper every time at the business, because the one has to pay heavy rents whilst the other pays for neither rent nor lodging. …..the Asiatic buys his goods from his countryman, who has them made in the vilest sweating dens in existence….. It is intolerable to turn eighteen foreigners loose in a district like Lismore to wander up and down the river seeking custom they can find. And the worst has yet to be told. Some of them were supported in their claims by ‘white’ men, who tendered their names as bondsmen, and the remarkable fact is that some of these men are daily to be herd crying for reform.  Were the evil to fall upon such men it would be a small matter, and one of no concern, but the trouble is that they loose an evil upon the general public, and very often the man who is the loudest in condemning this fine country is the very individual who would discharge the white labourers to make room for the dregs of Canton, Cabul, and Calcutta. ….. Go to any district on the Richmond or Tweed Rivers and the track of the alien is to be found as plainly as the snail across the garden path. …. A remedy is easy enough to a courageous Legislature, and when Australia finds one it will be a day of ‘good tidings of great joy which shall be to all people.’
22Dec05: Hindoos Again. Sheer Singh v. Atta Singh.

1906 Chron
9Jan06: That Syrian Malouf…
12Jan06: Hindoos in Conflict. Jimmy Singh and George Singh – Dawson St. Hindoos in Conflict. Attah Singh, Mecher Singh, Sheer Singh, Punjaub. Tuntable Creek.
26Jan06: An Unwilling Bride. Afghan marriage Broken Hill.
30Jan06: Casting out a Demon. Mahomedan superstition.
2Feb06: Black labour in the Dairies.
6Feb06: Fruit Hawking Nuisance. Anharm Singh – indecent language Woodlark St.
27Feb06: Assault and Robbery. Attah Singh and Meehar Singh Tuntable Creek. + Punjaub Singh, Sheer Singh, Mudee Ram. Attah Mahomed Shar as interpreter + Delph Singh as ‘checker’.  The Hindoo testimony was as usual very confusing. Attah gets 6mths hard labour.
2Mar06: Delph Singh v. Dr Kesterven.
6Mar06: R. Marshall v. Delph Singh. And Delph Singh v. Dr Kesterven.
16Mar06: Premier Carruthers. Black camp comment.
20Mar06: More Cheap Labour. Mullumbimby grass seed case. Arjan Singh ripped off by Thomas McNab. McNab called him a black-----.
13Apr06: Sheer Singh charged with theft from Rallah at Bangalow. Interpreter.
13Apr06: Alien Hawkers – A Grievance. Northern Rivers Council of Progress Associations passed the resolution: That this council views with alarm the great number of licenses granted to alien hawkers; and that copies of the resolution be forwarded to the Federal Attorney-general (Mr Isaacs, KC) and the State Minister for Justice (Mr C.G. Wade), and to the local Licensing Bench. In moving the motion the President said the alien hawker was overrunning the land and taking away work from white men unfitted for hard work, who might be able to make a living from the trade. Unless something was done to check the indiscriminate granting of licenses to alien hawkers he feared they would become a nuisance and a handicap to legitimate tradesmen throughout the state.
Mr J.B. Mitchell (The Channon) seconded the resolution and compared the increase of the aliens to the small patch of cloud which rises in the East and gradually increases until it covers the whole visible sky. In the Dunoon district he considered there were at least 10,000 bags of maize ready to pull, and owing to the bad roads settlers have been forced, in many instances, to sell it in the paddocks. One settler, who had one of the best paddocks in the district, had already sold his crop, and the buyers were Hindoos. He looked with dismay at the probability of dozens of these aliens being located in the district….. At the present time the aliens, being able to live so cheaply, completely undercut the average white dealer. And called upon support from Mr John Perry, member for the Richmond, who had been assiduous in forcing the Government’s attention to the necessity of retaining a duty on black-grown sugar.
Mr E.G. Blanch (Rous) said unless ‘a brake’ was put on the alien hawkers they would become a public nuisance. He did not think aliens should be allowed in the milking yards, and they were not fit people to handle goods. He had been told by a medical man that a lengthy illness in his family had been caused from an article once purchased from an alien hawker, and he had never purchased anything subsequently from them….. The aliens were becoming a nuisance and a plague. They were of no benefit to the local business people, and charged settlers from 100 to 500 per cent. More for goods than the legitimate trader when price and quality were considered. He had once hunted one of them off his property….
The President gave notice that at the next meeting he would urge that no Hindoos should be employed in dairies and milking yards.
20Apr06: White Australia. The Alien Hawker. …stop buying from or selling to him.

4May06: Shooting incident. Frederick Miller allegedly shoots at Amar Deen Hanging Rock.
11May06: Asiatics at Variance. On Wednesday afternoon at the Lismore Police Court Mr Adrian, P.M., had his patience sorely taxed listening to the history of a Hindoo war, which is said to have occurred on the Clunes-Eltham road on the 28^th April.  Natoo sued Nanda Singh and Hinda for assault. Other Hindoos figured. PM fined all three plus Goodya. Pinto, a coloured individual, was proceed against.
11May06: Black Labour in Dairies. Protest to the Factories. Meeting of Council of Progress Associations. Resolution That this Council views with alarm the amount of coloured labour engaged in the dairies on the Richmond River and that a protest be sent to the management of each factory’. … despite the precautions of Norco and other factories…the Hindoos were still engaged in the dairies. This work should be performed by the white races and there was a vast army of unemployed in the State. Charity begins at home and if dairymen found it necessary to engage outside employment they should first go to their own race. ….. He was aware that the different companies had entered into an agreement to discourage the employment of black labour, but notwithstanding this the evil still continued. He knew a number of suppliers who employed coloured labour in the dairies, and in one instance a director of a company was skimming the conditions by employing a Hindoo to turn a separator and wash up dishes. …. History had proved that the downfall of great nations dated from their periods of inter-marriage with lower races, and if coloured labour were encouraged in Australia there would come a gradual inter-marriage. (Interjector: It is being done already.) Mr Brian thought it might be injurious to the industry if it was thought black labour was employed. ie he wanted the discussion to go unrecorded lest the newspapers got hold of it.
15May06: Hindoo Squabble. Ram Singh and Butnah.
18May06: Mullum Municipality. + 29May + 1Jun
22May06: W.T. Missingham of Dorroughby agreed with Mr Brian. Not till after they failed to act (the culprit suppliers and companies) should he make the public statement he has, because it is impossible to calculate the harm he might do an important and, I might say, the district’s only industry. Also thought the Progress Association was a bunch of fools. Would your readers look again at the extravagant language employed by Mr President Wheeldon against Hindoo labor in yards etc…’Views with alarm the amount of Hindoo labor engaged in the dairies in this district?’ Anyone would think that almost every dairyman has a black cuss stowed away about his premises, to be used when no one is looking. And challenged him to name names. Speaking to his motion Mr Wheeldon said that charity begins at home: that we have a large army of unemployed, and that if we employ outside labour we should employ people of our own race; that dairying is a white man’s industry etc. Just so! Why don’t he put his axioms into practice? Brushing scrub is also a white man’s industry, and cutting grass seed is also a white man’s work. Has Mr Wheeldon never employed Hindoos for such work? Chipping the family cabbage patch is also a white man’s work, also pulling corn, and does he remember a recent incident connected with maize-pulling? ….
29May06: Missingham again. Hannam Singh false pretences.

1Jun06: Charlie Harnam Singh false pretences Nimbin. George Harnam Singh no relation of Numulgi. John Williams, Cingalese, stealing mail.
6Jun06: Progress Assoc again. Letter from President Wheeldon answering Missingham….. the sins of the council seem to be most heinous in their condemnation of the employment of the coloured alien in yards and dairies…. Black labour is regarded as unclean, and dairying is a peculiar industry and one that may be easily contaminated, therefore it requires only the cleanest people in its handling, and further, the consumer is a very important person to consider, …and he has…spoken out against the employment of coloured labour. The Council of Progress Associations may not put the alien out of the dairy yards or separating house, but it will set the public thinking, and in doing so it will throw an ugly searchlight on those who do employ it. But they were okay in the fields…because the Alien, who to me is at all times objectionable, can do no harm to the acre of scrub he brushes, or to the seed he reaps…, but when his dirty habits are objected to by the butter consuming public, and his low-moral status becomes a menace to our hearths and homes, then it is time this Council (and every other public body) spoke in no uncertain voice.
6Jun06: Cremation instructions – letter to executors. Henry Tyler Mullum. But finally buried because neighbour complained of contaminated smoke.
6Jun06: Supposed Tragedy. Human remains Woodlawn. Afghan Zarut Khan arrested near Coraki. Partner with Rock Mattilla and Lal Meeher near Woodlawn 5yrs ago.
8Jun06: Woodlawn case. Lall Meer and Khows Khan. Remains of Rahmtulla.
12Jun06: Missingham reply
22Jun06: Zarut Khan remanded.
17Jul06: Woodlawn Sensation. Zarut Khan, Lall Meer and Rahuntulla working Woodlawn 1897. + Zurat Khan and Jarrah.
27Jul06: Woodlawn Sensation. Khowas Khan of Gundurimba at Woodlawn 5yrs ago. Brother of Mois Khan of Afghanstan. Jumman Khan and Khallakadad came to Lismore from QLD 5yrs ago. Hashin Khan.
17Aug06: Black labour in Dairies. Progress Assoc.
25Sep06: Atta Singh v. F.G. Robotham. Unpaid for work
28Sep06: Alien Immorality. The Tweed Herald strikes a big blow as a social canker which is rapidly growing in the North Coast districts. We heartily support our Tweed contemporary in the pungent remarks…. ..the alien breed seems to thrive like so much undesirable vermin. There is not the slightest doubt that immorality in all its Asiatic hideousness is rampant among the aliens of the Tweed and Richmond districts. …When, however, it spreads to the white people with whom these low-down creatures come in contact, and numbers of our own – or disowned – white women become victims to lecherous Hindoos and kanakas, the whole sickening question assumes a most disquieting complexion. ….There are scores of half-caste children in the district, some of whom are running about in the condition of little untutored savages. …And the lustful alien, ever ready to seduce white women, offers her bribes of money and finery, and once he has satiated his lecherous appetite casts her out like a piece of useless rubbish. This shocking immorality should be repressed with all the severity of the law. …It should be declared illegal for Hindoos and kanakas, and in fact any of the alien scum, to live with a white women. A heavy penalty on the offending Hindoo or kanaka would perhaps put a stop to the horrible business.

5Oct06: The Woodlawn Tragedy. Zarut Khan, an afghan.., murder of Rha Matilla 7Aug01
9Oct06: Ditto. Jury discharged. + Brown case.
12Oct06: Colored labour in Dairies. Council of Progress Associations again.  Received a reply from the Board of Health   that there was nothing against the employment of such people in dairies, and that it was not inexpedient on the grounds of public health. The Chairman (Mr Wheldon) considered that there were many grounds beyond those of health….It now rested with the dairy companies to say whether they would take the produce from dairies where the alien was employed. But they didn’t drop the matter, simply changed tack:… The majority of the people in the district were against the Hindoo in the dairy. His morals were bad and he was a menace. It did not matter how much stink they (The Association) stirred up they should always keep this matter in mind.
23Oct06: Deelal Singh in court.
6Nov06: Syrian storekeeper’s bankruptcy. Harman Singh and Bisham Singh riotous behaviour.
9Nov06: Khowas Khan sued by Lal Meer.
16Nov06. The Woodlawn Tragedy. Zarut Khan sentenced to death.
30Nov06: Small Debts Court. Khowas Khan v. Lal Meer.

1907 Chron
1Jan07: Atta Adjarah Singh and Tukka drunk. Alammaha Booshigah riotous behaviour. Ahman Singh, Fikeiria and Milkin Ram drunk.
11Jan07: Zarut Khan death sentence commuted to life in prison.
18Jan07: Dirty filthy beast – Mahommedan Murbah. Tubah Singh – inciting to riot. Ameer Singh and Askah Singh furious riding.
12Mar07: Hindoos in Dairies. Letter. Some time ago the Byron Bay Company passed a resolution refusing to take cream from any person who employed Hindoos in their dairies. Was that resolution put into force? If so, I think it is much abused. Only the other day I saw one of the ‘dark-eyed disseminators of leprosy’ driving along the street in a cart bearing the name of a well-known local resident, also the words ‘registered dairy’. Probably he had just finished delivering cream. On previous occasions I noticed the same cart being driven by other Asiatics. Evidently our dairymen (who reap big cheques during the month) like cheap and nasty labour. How would these dairymen appreciate a fall in the price of their produce, consequent upon the knowledge being gained far and wide of the undesirable and dirty, despicable class they employ? Dairymen, one and all, for the sake of maintaining the high standard of your product, employ people of your own color in the dairies. If you cannot do this, throw up the game, get a turban, and, like your bosom friends, try and obtain employment eradicating lantana. Yours, etc, Anti-Alien.
5Apr07: Boutner and Deleepa drunk. First issue Bangalow Herald.
12Apr07: Soohma, Altrow, Tagah Singh and Sarran Singh. Bexhill Hotel Sunday. Small Debts Court Bisham v. Atta.
19Apr07: Soomah, Tagah Singh, Sarran Singh, Altrow. Bexhill again.
30Apr07: Mason’s White Australia Hat Shop. Coloured Australia + verse

3May07: Small debts court. Ram Singh v. J and A Nixon. Not paid.
14May07: Hooray for White Australia.
7Jun07: Bishan Singh riotous behaviour. Joseph Bracks boot shop open after hours North Lismore. Butta Singh. The PM said that in the consequence of Syrians carrying on business in this manner Europeans were subject to unfair competition.
2Jul07: Northern Star becomes a daily.
5Jul07: Braham Singh. Horse on footpath. Annie Zahlout – child knocked down (separate incident)
12Jul07: Charles Singh. Horse on footpath.
19Jul07: Johar Singh riotous behaviour. Keevas Khan, 24, drunk.
26Jul07: Mason’s White Australia Hat Shop. Verse.
2Aug07: The Hindoo Nuisance. That the Hindoo nuisance is spreading in this district no one can deny, and our Police Court records go to prove that the dusky-skinned race will, if not checked, eventually become a menace to the peace and well-being of the white population. Being a ‘British subject’, the long-turbaned, filthy-natured nuisance has to be tolerated, but there is a limit to human endurance, and the Europeans will not put up with much more of the imported pest. Riotous conduct, murderous assaults, thieving, indecencies, and drunkenness are but a few of the Hindoo’s characteristics, and in a district like this the evils accruing from the presence of such undesirable individuals are many. The nuisance has assumed such proportions that steps will have to be taken in the very near future to suppress it. Surely the powers that be can devise some means for the protection of Europeans against the vile actions and depredations of the detestable scum.
2Aug07: Sahail Singh, 30, and Mary McLelland in court. Sahail Singh and Budden Singh assault Deleepa Singh. Lalla Ditteran forging. Kitty Barry, an exceptionally ugly old black gin…
9Aug07: Sahail Singh of Nth Lis and Budden Singh assault Deleepa Singh, a circus wrestler of Boorie Creek. Lalla Ditterman defrauds Atta Singh of Bangalow. Gudgen Singh drunk.
16Aug07: Ditterman case. Atta, aka Allassa Herman Singh, and Surrah Singh.
20Aug07: Sabur, a Hindoo, drunk. Atta and Bisham Singh riotous behaviour.
30Aug07: Sahail Singh 3mths prison and Budgen Singh 20s fine. PM F.G. Adrian – no use fining a Hindoo as he always gets the money.

6Sep07: Pinto bad language to Mary Kippi Khan. Lucca – language. Gudga Singh riotous behaviour. PM said Hindoos were becoming a nuisance. One week’s hard labour.
24Sep07: Mason & Hague. Another Limerick
24Sep07: Wanted – Patriots. Editorial on tariffs, Australian Natives, Greeks, coloureds …
27Sep07: Kyber Khan v. Sannark – assault. Moses Wickham, an Armenian, and Mudee Ram.
11Oct07: Small debts. W.S. Alexander v. Mois Khan.
25Oct07: Small debts. Andru Lakis v. Milki Ram for meals. Got verdict and donated money, 19/6d, to Hospital. Nato, 35, drunk
22Nov07: Abdullah of Wyrallah v. R.Restell for debt. Mahomet Khan.
29Nov07: Roor Singh v. Fabbar Ram. Northate’s farm Gundurimba. Milki Ram.
6Dec07: Lucy Simpson (19) insufficient means of support. Got 7 days hard labour. Been in town since Saturday, when she was followed about by a number of Hindoos. Abijah. J. H. Playford, auctioneer, sold diseased animal to Nabob Khan of Tunstall who bought 11 head from him. Peter Neilson assaults Saram Singh. Neilson called him a 'Blackman' and hit him, knocking his turban off, for no apparent reason.
10Dec07: Lucy Simpson. Charged with being insane.

 Northern Star

27Jun1891: David Silva, Cingalese, assault of countryman Charlie Louis at Cudgen.
18Jun1891: Dr M.A. Khan, Commercial Hotel.
3Jun1893: J. Charles, Indian Herbalist, C/- Gollan Hotel Lismore. Feris Jermanus, Armin Hilway and Najeb Hillway. Stealing from Indian Hawker Nubby Bux, ‘an intelligent Mahommedan’ . Bux rents half house of a Chinaman.
9Sep1893: Dr. Ah Me Rah,…… a native of the Punjaub and a Mahommedan, ….. has practice in Keen St Lismore.
22Sep1893: Dr. Ah Me Rah – Indian Eye and Pile Doctor.
Early1894: Allegedly first reference of 3 Hindoos appearing Northern Rivers. If so, very rapid increase thereafter.
6Jan94: Najab Hilway, Abraham Meyers, Charles Farrah issued hawkers licenses.
18Jan94: 9 dairies registered Lismore Municip. 158 cows.
4Jul1894: Asiatic Settlers. Editorial. Our district for some time has been a centre of attraction for numbers of foreigners, and the turban head gear in our streets, with the sound of the Hindoo, the Sikh, and the Afghan tongues, have ceased to attract more than ordinary notice. From what we have ascertained a number of these men have come to stay. They have rented land and settled on it, to cultivate sugar cane or other crops, and we learn that more are to follow. …Legislation has placed some check on Mongolian migration, but there is an open door for every other Asiatic race. And it is only a question of having the money to reach Australia, and we shall find then flocking here in their thousands. The few seen here at present are as the first raindrops of the coming shower. An alien population that can never amalgamate with the Anglo-Saxon stock is not a desirable acquisition, but on the contrary a very undesirable one, if it should come to be a large item in comparison with our own race. …. We are told that around Wyrallah these people have secured 500 acres of land as tenants. Possibly some of them from the Punjaub may be born British subjects, and entitled to acquire land by purchase, in which case the step from tenant to freeholder will ensue after a few years of prosperity…
23Mar95: Coloured Suitors at Court. Ander (a Hindoo) on bail to answer a charge of entering premises at Gundurimba with intent… Aga Mahomed was interpreter. ‘Others of his countrymen’ were present from the ‘Indian Camp’. Mary Burge, widow of South Gundurimba, was awakened….
The police magistrate said there were some people who for greed, by getting these men at low wages, were thus responsible for bringing them to the district. There was no doubt they were undesirable people to have settling here. The men were not to blame, they simply came to get work.’
30Mar95: The Influx of Aliens. ….. It has been asserted that these men are being brought to the district by men of their own nationality…
10Jul1895: Police Census: 200 Hindoos and Afghans, 301 Kanakas, 9 Syrians and 50 Chinese in the combined Richmond-Tweed districts, with a reported 50 additional Hindoos on their way from Sydney.
11Jul1895: 'Those Hindoos'.... Perry MLA takes out advert during election campaign to state he did not employ Hindoos.
11Dec1895: Zarit Khan. Tweed Road

4Jan1896: Editorial. Barring the Alien Hawkers. A Sydney Stipendiary Magistrate has refused hawker’s licenses to 100 alien applicants, Syrians and others, and has suggested to country branches to follow the same rule. From what we have learnt, the Sydney benches have been most careless in the matter of granting licenses, and it has been mainly through their instrumentality that country districts have been swarmed by a most undesirable class of people hawking goods….
16May96: Mijid Khan. Suing for wages. Did not ‘talkee’ English
16Sep1896: A contingent of over 60 Hindoos arrived Wyrallah from Sydney.
(31Jul1897: Parliamentry Report, Page 1, Vol 7: Hindoos in the Tweed, Brunswick, Richmond and Clarence River Districts: 120 Lismore and Wyrallah, 22 Coraki, 9 Wardell, 109 Rous, 96 Ballina, 28 Byron Bay, 0 Brunswick, 23 Murbah, 35 Tumbulgum, 32 Grafton, 4 South Grafton, 15 Brushgrove, 20 Chatsworth, 8 Palmer’s Island.)
24Jul1897: Madir Khan assaulted Meer Assoulan.
6Oct1897: Notes from Wyrallah. Things in India – that is, Wyrallah – are pretty quiet….
27Nov1897: The New Alien Restriction Bill. + Editorial: Need for a Chamber of Commerce in Lismore.
1Dec1897: Alien Immigration. L to E by ‘Lantka’ of Sydney. ….Already our streets show evidence that the dark-skinned races are rapidly increasing in numbers, and that like the ‘rabbits’, now they are here, it may be difficult to keep them in check in the time coming. In many trades and businesses the white man has to take a back seat, and on the northern rivers the Hindoo is competing in the labour market, and working cheaply in the cane fields, &c, which means a reduction in wages. … Owing to its immense population the handicrafts of India are divided into ‘castes’, which assigns each to a particular branch of his or her trade or calling, and beyond which they cannot move in their own land without suffering penalties… That the Hindoo can hold his own, we see in the thousands deported to the sugar cane fields in the West Indies, the South Sea Islands, and other places; but whether he is the ‘coming man’ for tropical Australia remains to be seen. …. Half page similar stuff.
4Dec1897: Indar Singh assaulted Naranna Jat. Attah Mahomet Shar interpreter. Nanda Singh and Bitto witnesses.
13/16Jul1898: Gebri Khan charged with stealing from Nabob Khan and other ~6 partners in contract gang Murwillumbah dairy farm. Gunny Khan, Jeder Khan, Adele Khan, Isit Khan, Camara Khan. Ata Mahomed Shar peace maker.
16Jul1898: Anti Hindoo letter from D. Gillies.
23Jul1898: Another batch of Hindoos. Within the next few days sixty gorgeously-turbaned natives of India... will land Sydney
27Jul1898: A number of Hindoos, new arrivals in the colony, came up by the Tomki.
3Aug1898: Wyrallah. Our Hindoo population has again been added to by the arrival of about 30 by the Tomki. Some of them seem to have been soldiers, being attired in smart red uniforms, but all of them with the voluminous turban and menagerie in it.... By the way, as I write, I hear that we are to have another cremation, one of the Hindoos having learned the grand secret, he will be burned to-day, and it is to be hoped somewhat more effectively than on the last occasion of the kind, for portions of the body were left littering about for weeks.
6Aug1898: 16yr old Syrian George Brack rejected for hawker's foot license.
11Jan1899: Editorial. The Influx of Aliens. The increasing influx of undesirable aliens to this colony has for some years been making itself manifest by the presence in many parts of the colony, particularly on the northern rivers, of various nationalities. The Aliens Restriction Act, passed last year, and which came into operation on December 7^th, is the second attempt to deal with the subject…. The Bill is based on an educational test, which requires that the intending immigrant shall be able to write out an application in his own hand writing in some European language. … Colour distinctions and educational tests alone will not suffice to distinguish who shall be admitted to our shores. We need to add other restrictions in the direction we have indicated.
16Sep1899: An Afghan runaway horse Molesworth St

1901 NS
15Jun1901: Didar Singh of Emigrant Creek Tintenbar in court. Rejects Atta Mahomed Shar as interpreter. Gets Delph Singh.
16Oct1901: The Guy of Alien Restriction. By regular columnist Maggie Sullivan. ‘A White Australia’ was the one national watchword of all political parties during the Federal elections. For the black races’ problem is fast growing to be the great social danger of this hemisphere as it already is in America….. We here in this sunny, new, land beneath the Southern Cross can form no conception of the horrors and the dangers which threaten our white brethren of the New Hemisphere. …
It is not the kanaka which menaces White Australia. Without any prohibitive legislation we have no permanent mal-influence to fear from him. He is dying out in his own islands… What we have to dread is the inroads of the myriads of our coloured fellow subjects in India and elsewhere…
Hence the white citizen workers of Australia should demand the ‘prompt and absolute’ prohibition of the Hindoo and his kindred tribes. The education test is the merest flimsiest veil to cover a black political blot against the white workers…
Then a bit on imperialism.
I am aware that much of this article will call forth aught than concurrence from many readers of the Star, but on this occasion I lay claim to emulate a great French man who said that ‘the most strenuous champion of this country is he who will dare say all the evil, no less than all the good he knows about it.’ … Then begins to boil the indignation of the pseudo-patriot (I own if I lived in London, I wouldn’t care very much whether you were black or white in Australia.) …
16Oct1901: L to E by John Currie. The Colour Question.  The above seems to sit like a nightmare upon the brains of a certain class of politicians. The individual who is continually harping about his neighbour’s religion, caste, or colour is an enemy to the peace and harmony of any community… All mankind are the good Christian’s neighbours.  The senseless and meaningless cry about colour may eventually create a racial feeling that will be a disgrace to our common Christianity. …
19Oct1901: L to E by ‘Imperialist’: Empire and Imperialism. Many of your readers have been ore amused than convinced or instructed by the views of Maggie Sullivan on such questions as the Labour Party, a ‘white Australia’ and, to top all, her views on Empire and Imperialism.
19Oct1901: Mr Delph Singh (Indian Doctor), Magellan Lane behind PO. Visits Bangalow Wednesdays.

22Feb02: Charles Coma v. John Simon, Mahommedans, assault Nth Lis.
13Dec02: Editorial The Immigration Restriction Act
20Dec02: Dr Delph Singh visits Lismore every Saturday. Can be contacted at J. Clancy’s (Produce store?)
11Apr03: E. King v. Delph Singh. Zarrat Khan’s farm
9May03: Khomas Khan v. H. O’B. Wilson. Claim for wages. Joseph King of West Indies
20May03: Hernarn Singh. False pretences Woodburn
23May03: Kowass Khan. Assaulted Kaka at Gundurimba
30May03: Phillip Al Meda drunk
13Jun03: S.H. Shar & Co, Hindoo Wyrallah. Schiffat Shar, Mahomed Shar, Lal Singh, store keepers, Wyrallah
4Jul03: Lal Meil aged 33 Hindoo using threatening language Woodburn. Sabal Singh v. Sundara over debt.
22Aug03: Hernarn Singh false pretences.
9Sep03: Herman Singh stealing from Bindoo
30Sep03: A White Australia
7Oct03: Deleb Singh drunk
14Oct03: Milkie Ram South Gundurimba cane farm. Esa Singh and Tagga Tar drunk
24Oct03: Bookallil, storekeeper, Nth Lis
5Dec03: Feris Moses, new store Sth Lis
15Oct03: Anthony Hajjar, The New Trade Palace, Keen St opp Tattersals hotel
9Nov03: Doley Khan lost three horses Whyrallah. C/- of M. Runue South Lismore.
5Dec03: The White Australia Policy. ‘Australia a laughing stock.’

14Apr06: Council of District Progress Associations.  The Alien Hawker Question. Moved that this council views with alarm… Mr Wheeldon said ……. the alien hawker seemed to be overrunning the land…. and thus depriving the European who was aged or half-crippled from taking up work which might be profitable to them. Another reason was that these men largely went about terrorising women who were away from police protection. These men congregated at North Lismore and were a menace to the place and to almost wherever they were.
Mr Mitchell seconded….as the people out his way had no means of going out of the district to take their crops to market and they frequently sold the standing crop for £1 an acre. On the previous day the Hindoos had bought the crop. This meant that when they squatted there they would take grog with them, and it would not then be safe for their wives and daughters to go about. If this went on it would mean they would overrun the country. It was taking the country to degradation to allow these people to flood the country.
Mr Blanch though it was time to put the brake on these people. They were nothing less than a pest, and besides, they were doing white men out of a job and as well were taking money out of the country.
Mr Bryan said ….no…… Surely the British people must have lost their backbone, if they could not keep these people in their place…….
……Mr Blanch said they were not allowed to use those aliens in the milking yards, and if they were not fit to work in dairies they were certainly not fit to handle clothes or food the Europeans had to wear or eat.
……Mr Tredinnick said the Hindoos, when they came to the country, did not go to pick corn. They put on a pack and went out to the country, and terrorising women to buy from them at from 100 to 400 percent above what they could be bought for in the nearest township. Once he had kicked such a man out of his house. The Assyrians were just as bad.
Mr Johnson wanted to know what these men were going to do if they were stopped from getting licenses….]
31Dec06: A batch of 6 Hindoos. Riotous behaviour. Atta, Hajaiah Sing, Tickaria, Tucka, Harmana, Moortia, Bushair.

17Jan08: Asham Khan, hawker, v. John Bowery and Hugh Rankin. Assault Bexhill while selling fruit.
7Feb08: Asham Khan assault case repercussions for Khan’s witnesses.
7Mar08: White Australia. Any attempt to introduce black labour would justify all the Australians taking up arms in defence of their White Australia.
9Mar08: Finalizing white grown sugar.
12Mar08: Hindoo Fracas. A couple of disgraceful scenes were witnessed at Bangalow railway station yesterday…. There appears to have been some trouble between two parties of tribesmen…. Probably Singh v. Khan or Sikh v. Muslim….. Altogether about 60 Hindoos were in the vicinity, but most of them had scrambled aboard the Tweed train…. These took no part, beyond encouraging the more regressive parties…. It was very exciting to see the willing way they fought with their sticks…. It was a very exciting quarter of an hour….. 7 charged Byron Bay court.
19Mar08: Small Debts Court. Karam Khan v. Indur Singh. Witnesses Sahail Singh, Arthur Nellemes and Rama. The PM could not get away from the evidence of the European.
Shafat Hushain Shar, cattle dealer, diseased animal bought from Jimmy Khan. Witness Jimmy Hakardeen, cattle dealer.
26Mar08: George, a Hindoo of Marom Creek, proper name ‘Goldeta’, unsound mind. Cousin Ram Jam of Tregegal.
29Apr08: Rush for Land. NSW Lands Dept locking up areas of scrub. Young blokes heading for QLD.
25May08: A Street Episode. A Hindoo and a bull blind in one eye. Cnr of Moleworth and Woodlark.
27May08: Abijah Jesse Hicks Playford, stealing.

1908 NS
11Jun08: Inspector of Nuisances v. Sahail Singh. Furious riding.
12Jun08: Lismore Larrikinism.
19June08: Jack Delail Singh assaults Surn Singh. Grass seed dispute, Santells farm Rosebank. Wits Harnarm Singh and Sunda.
2Jul08: Disgraceful Occurrence. European youths had joined with a number of Indians in a disgusting orgic at which two cases of whisky and an unknown quantity of rum was drunk….
3Jul08: Lucca, an Indian… stole from Milky Ram Murbah. Surn Singh and Jack Delall Singh refused to pay wages to Laleah Singh – grass seed Rosebank.
8Jul08: Numerous complaints as to the want of land for settlement…. Large areas of Tweed and Uki to be made available.
16Jul08: George Buttan Singh v. Charles Nundah – theft of horse rug. Both working for E. Bryant of Goonellabah and Meesham Vale. + Ram Singh.
17Jul08: Buttan Singh defeats Peter Bannan in middle weight wrestling championships Melbourne.
23Jul08: Not White Australia. A young man, giving evidence at the police court, told a story which shows one of the causes why the respect of the coloured man for the white is weakening owing to the latter’s failing in fondness for strong liquors.  This young man, as a matter of ordinary experience, and apparently with no sense of shame, related how two Hindoos had met him in the morning…… and got him drunk. Drunkenness at any time is a serious vice, but when it leads to the degradation of the white race by one of the coloured ones the more evils have a more widespread effect.
23Jul08: Hindoos and a horse. Hussein Khan and Mamoon.
15Aug08: Mudgee Khan v. George Cooke. Owed wages. Mudgee lived Hewitts farm Boorie. Cooke, licensee of Richmond Hotel had adjacent farm let to Goldsmith who and contracted him to clear 24acres. Mudgee sublet to Woolamalasool
28Aug08: Mahomet Box, an Indian, assaulted Amos Moss at Wyrallah.

3Sep08: Mahomet Box indecent assault.
5Sep08: Last night, at the meeting held in celebration of the opening of the new Salvation Army Hall in Magellan Street….a spokesman said in Lismore there were social conditions little better than the slums of more populous towns, and he hoped the town would be cleansed of anything that might strike a blow at its moral life.
17Sep08: Editorial. There was yesterday, as there has been on other occasions of late, a case in the police court which discloses a low state of morality and depravity existing in our midst. … The undesirable alien very often figures in these cases, and it opens a phase of the alien question which ought to be dealt with. If these people of any of the coloured races have the right to come in and make a temporary home, it should be conceded to them and to an extent be made compulsory that they bring and take away with them their own wives, as a choice of the lesser of the evils attending their presence. At present the public can only know of what may be disclosed by the police courts. That is sufficient to recognise that a very undesirable state of things is growing up in connection with alien life in our midst, and some way or somehow it should be remedied. If the alien outrages European ideas of social life he must be made to understand that he must either reform or go, and we would like to see the same standard and rule applied to the white man of every nationality.
17Sep08: Vagrancy. Elizabeth Spedding, on bail, was charged with having no visible means of support. Lived Nth Lis. Associated with bad characters, and spent most of her time in the Hindu’s camp. Aged 19 and had one child. Worked about a fortnight ago for the Japanese laundry. Got one months imprisonment in Grafton Goal.
17Sep08: Braham Singh v. Ghenoa. Wages.
21Sep08: Sennah, a Hindoo and Nattah Singh drunk.
23Sep08: Charlie Nundah, a Hindoo, illegally using Sultana’s horse.
29Sep08: Paula Singh and Kirkatrah drunk
6Oct08: Pail Singh riotous behaviour.
9Oct08: Sahail Singh and Davy Bitta stealing from Nundah.
13Oct08: Mahomet Box. ‘evidence unfit for publication’ Jury takes 1hr and 20mins to find not guilty. No apology from Star.

20Oct08: The Aliens in Lismore. Emphatic Protest. How They Injure Property Values. Very strong indeed were the comments made on the alien hawkers and coloured community generally at the Council of Progress Associations meeting, when the matter was brought before the body on the motion of Mr Nunan on behalf of the North Lismore Ratepayers Association. He said that the alien hawkers of the coloured classes were becoming a serious nuisance in the district. They were going around with carts and on foot, and even with perambulators, running into every door, while our own shop keepers, who pay rent and taxes, have to compete with them at great disadvantage in the struggle to keep the doors open. These people live in any sort of hovel in great numbers. They sell a cheap and nasty line of goods, and making big profits, in time saved money and bought property, on which they built shanties out of packing cases, etc. They were simply ruining parts of Lismore. They were in North Lismore for a long time, and were now going to South Lismore, and were, at the least, a very undesirable class of people. It’s believed the shire councils have the power to grant licences now, but he moved that the secretary ascertain who was the proper authority, and write asking them to refuse to grant licenses to these people in the future. ….
It was about time something was done, as they were ruining parts of the town. How would any of them like to have a cottage alongside of where any of these people acquired property and have a shanty built on it, where a number of these people came to live. Those that have horses turn them out into the streets to feed at night to the danger of pedestrians.
Mr Latchen seconded the motion and said….he was against these sort of people coming to this fair land and polluting the district. He would like to ask how any of them would care to live alongside a Syrian hawker? In some houses they packed up to 16 Hindoos. When going to their homes at night, how would they like to pass through 9, 10 or 20 drunken Hindoos. Our own sort were bad enough when in this state, but the Hindoos were far worse.  He went on enumerating their disadvantages at great length, and they were certainly a hindrance to the advancement of the district and undesirable in every shape and form. If they are to remain, they must be made to live like decent European citizens – if possible. If this could not be done other steps should be taken. They were increasing daily and were detrimental to the progress of the district.
Mr French (Bangalow) referred to experiences of an objectionable character with the Hindoos, etc, in North Lismore, and the barracks of two stories where numbers of them were housed. Niggers of all descriptions were to be met there. He thought it time something was done to control these people and the shanties they were building.
Mr Strong said…. It was time something was done to remedy this black evil. … What they had most to complain about was the way our own people supported these objectionables…. Anyone living in Lismore could see the evils of the presence of the Hindoo or Asiatic, the Dago, and the others without going beyond their own town. Their presence made the place stink in the nostrils of any portion of the people of the State. They were now coming to South Lismore. Residents had been proud of the class of houses they had in Union Street, for, though the cottages were built by different people, they were all built with a view to adding to the street’s appearance. Now the Hindoos had come with their packing case hovels and spoilt the whole street.  …. And they were thus lowering the value of property….
Mr Brian expressed his great surprise at such strong talk against men whom they must recognise as brothers. Our race lived amongst them, and in some cases took their countries from them. The Hindoos were British subjects. … How could we teach these people religion if we treated them like dogs? Some of them had more reason and more ability than the white men (Mr Latchen: I never met them then.) Some of their races were nations when the British were only Barbarians.
Several other speakers combated Mr Brian’s arguments…. And the motion was finally carried with Mr Brian as its only opponent.
28Oct08: Letter from The Syrian Association. In a recent issue of your paper is a long report of a meeting of gentlemen, termed the Council of Progress Associations. Without wishing to challenge their right to air their opinions, we, as respectable law-abiding men, most of us British subjects, consider that we are justified in requesting those gentlemen to cease making sweeping assertions and to give proof of the wild charges so confidently made against us as a body. We are Syrians – hawkers, or traders and holders of licenses, by means of which we maintain ourselves respectably and honestly, paying our just debts and obeying the laws of the land; a land in which men boast that under its flag every man is free to enjoy life and make an honest living. At the meeting a Mr Numan made a long speech about packing-case shanties. Now, will he kindly drop his vague statements and come to facts by pointing out the whereabouts of these shanties? Are the houses that he built at North Lismore for some of the Syrians the shanties he refers to? If so, perhaps he will give particulars respecting them, as we are quite in the dark, and, unless enlightened, must assume that Mr Nunan has had a vision of the undiscoverable collection of packing-case shanties of which he speaks. As regards hawking, we deal honestly and we see no more disgrace in it than in any other form of trading. We buy in the same markets, the same class of goods as other shopkeepers, and sell at a fair and reasonable profit. Our horses are well fed and tended. (‘A good man is merciful to his beast’) We value our horses…..
Mr Nunan, we presume, would be quite willing to build for us if we gave him the chance, and would probably feel more amiable towards us whilst taking our money.
Mr Latchem’s remarks may be lightly passed over. As Syrians, we hold no brief for the Hindoos, who are quite capable of looking after themselves. But we do protest against assertions put into print respecting the herding of hords of these men in our places. All we ask is that proof of these statements may be forthcoming, and, if proved against us, we will plead guilty and amend our ways: but until such evidence is produced we shall maintain that this gentleman, along with the others, is simply romancing.
As regards Mr Strong, he should know a little about Syrians, as he has had them for tenants, and always appeared willing and anxious to let houses to them. He speaks of the ‘black evil’. But what does he mean by the black evil? Surely he is not obtuse enough to class Syrians with black men. As regards the new building in Union Street, which calls forth unkind remarks, it is well built of new solid sawmill timber, and, being the back portion of the premises, is not intended to be ornamental. When the front is erected it will be quite time enough to find fault should it possess fewer architectural beauties than adjacent buildings.
Mr French’s, of Bangalow, remarks are too absurd to trouble with. He runs wildly about niggers with an incoherency that brings to mind the lines, “Where ignorance is bliss, ‘tis folly to be wise.”
Trusting that you will in all fairness allow us space in your paper to enter this, our mild protest against sweeping and unjust charges by unthinking and prejudiced persons, we are The Syrian Association.
(This letter was followed by an article of the alleged massacre of whites in the New Hebridies, by treacherous, murderous cannibals.)

30Oct08: Letter. The Council of Progress Associations Attacks on the ‘Blacks’. Sir, - Referring to the report of the meeting of the Council of Progress Associations in the ‘Northern Star’ of 20^th instant, where the delegates call us ‘black’ who have shifted from North Lismore to Union Street, South Lismore, where, among other things, we are alleged to be building houses of packing cases and side on to street, etc. You Mr Strong, have certainly made great mis-statements to talk as you did. If you came face to face with me, I am whiter than you are, and then we have a white heart, while you show you possess a very dull one. I suppose you call yourself British, only you came to a black country to live in. We are Syrian foreigners, who have come to the same country to live as you. In regard to my house, I keep it nice and clean, and if you think your house is cleaner, you make a great mistake. I built my house to suit myself and not you or Mr Nunan. ….. With regard to the statement about packing-cases, it is built of first-class chamfer boards, and lined with rosewood, from Durrough’s mill. I challenge comparison of that house which I reside in at Lismore with any other shop in Union Street which you know of. I myself have had built a shop in Bangalow in one of the best stands, next the Commercial Bank, and everybody there was satisfied with it. It is now occupied by Messrs McClelland and Co. Mr Nunan’s talk is not worth bothering about, as it is only ‘Tommy rot’. He thinks he is a man of great wisdom, but his speech leads me to think very differently. I am not accustomed to writing letters to newspapers or to make speeches at meetings; but I wish this inserted as my protest, as well as of others, against the insulting and unjustifiable statements and slanders, uttered against us at that meeting. Signed A. Skype.
29Oct08: Sahail Singh larceny. Sahail Singh and Charlie Nundah charged with conspiring to falsely accuse Davy Bittah
5/6Nov08: Alleged Hindoo Conspiracy. Charlie Nundah and Sahail Singh. Davy Ditta of Marom Creek. ’Shail’s Camp’ Marom Creek. Bram Singh witness.
11Nov08: Origin of word larrikin. Another meeting of Progress Assoc Council. Silent on hindoos/hawkers.
16Nov08: The Indian Herbalists’ Case in Equity. Edith Rose Singh, wife of Delph Singh. Delph, who described himself as a Hindoo doctor, not registered in Sydney, but carrying on business in George Street West as a herbalist. Edith sued Esur Singh and Nurain Singh, who were said to have come from Goulburn, and were carrying on a similar business at Enmore. Delph in India since Feb and left Edith in charge
29Dec08: A Polite Defendant. Fikeria, an Indian, drunk. James Reid, an Egyptian, drunk. Budgee Carr (Indian), Natoo (Indian), drunk. Harry Latoo (South Sea Islander), drunk.

1909 NS
8Jan09: The Hindoo Fracas. Mullumbimby. The perennial Hindoo (Sikh) versus Mahommedan animosity again asserted itself…. Eleven arrested for riotious behaviour. Before Dr Kesterven JP (Delph Singh’s mate).
18Jan09: 52 Richmond River Settlers for Atherton.
28Jan09: Atoo v. Khowan Khan. Atoo worked for Rue Singh on a contract to clear Khan’s Wyrallah farm. Singh also had his own farm
4Feb09: Roor Singh v. Khowan Khan.
6Feb09: Koorey’s General Store (2 shops) burnt out Ballina.
10Feb09: Coolies in Fiji. White residents fear Indian rising.
5Mar09: Baba, an Indian, travelled Bangalow-Lismore without a train ticket
12Mar09: Shail Singh and Charlie Nundah ripping off Davie Ditta. Alice Sunday, wife of an Indian named Sunday, entered into negotiations to purchase boarding house of Davie Ditta. Ditta only had interest in house. Maggie Deleep Singh. Deleep currently Kyogle. She boarding with Sahail at Lindendale or Marom Creek. With him Gundurimba first. Since marriage had stayed with Shail three times.  Shail fought Braham Kitch in house of Joe Bracks. Lizzie Speeding now Ditta’s wife. Mudgee Khan witness. Sultana mentioned. Alibad a witness.
12Mar09: White Australia. There were several sarcastic references to a white Australia at the Quarter Sessions. Of the criminal cases tried on the first day, the first was mainly concerned with kanakas. The second defended case mainly centred round a Chinaman. Yesterday the central figure was a Cingalese. The coloured man’s triumph came with the next defended case, in which all the leading characters are Hindoos or Indiamen, with the wives of some. To cap this, the attendance, which has been largely Indian in appearance all through, was yesterday composed of fully 60 per cent of India’s dusky sons.
13Mar09: Sahail Singh etc. Wits Kurim Box and Batna.
15Mar09: Oriental Litigants. Oriental litigants, remarked his honour, at the Sessions, are entirely different from us. While in our idea a law suit is something to be fought out by every fair means possible to them, it means far more. They import into it a degree of vehemence which we never reach, and fight with an intense thirst for victory which leads them to do many things that Australians would never dream of.
15Mar09: Alien Names. The name of witnesses at the Sessions was productive of trouble awry to the varying pronunciation given it by examining council and witnesses: A few were Alikadad, Alikabadad, Alikstad, Kalikadad and Kalikidad. Another witness was referred to by names like Cream Box, Green Box, and Kurreen Box.
17Mar09: S.H. Shar v. John Martin for work and labour done. Shar joined Abberdeen on Martin’s Teven farm.
17Mar09: James A. Kyberdeen v. Martin. Amir Khan interpreter.
18Mar09: Railaish, a Hindoo, illegally using George Buchan Singh’s horse. George was a contractor of Bangalow. Wits Ram Butts, Subbu, Prim Singh, Briam Singh.
23Mar09: Alfred Deakin’s visit. Civic reception. White Australia speech.

3Apr09: The Whiteman’s Way. Story by Jack London.
5/10Apr09: Nelson v. Nelson Mullumbimby.
27Apr09: Lucca, a Hindoo, charged
29Apr09: ‘North Lismore Troubles’. Nabob Khan assaulted Joseph Bracks, a countryman but no relation. (Bracks was Syrian) Regina Bracks assaulted Nabob Khan. Denis Moses, Syrian of Hanging Rock. Paul Singh, Ponum Singh, Borda Khan and Davie Ditta feature.
19May09: Yoa Singh v. Nichol Singh
20 May09: 33^rd anniversary of Northern Star. 2 dailies and 1 bi weekly Lismore plus 13 other district newspapers.
20May09: Bisham Singh drunk. Alleged Conspiracy. The Lismore Court House was crowded yesterday with a large number of Hindoos all intent on hearing the last of the case …. Shail etc. Nunda charged with perjury.
27May09: A Brutal Assault. A case in which a white man was charged with unlawfully assaulting a Hindoo was heard in the Police Court yesterday, and, as usual, there were a large number of Hindoos congregated about the court precincts. The evidence discloses the fact that an unprovoked assault had taken place, and the PM characterised the assault as a most brutal and unwarranted one. During the case a witness stated that defendant had said that it was best to thrash the Hindoos sometimes, or they would run the place. There is no doubt that some Hindoos, like some white men, deserve chastisement at times, but in the case under notice, the Hindoo was a quiet, respectable man, not in any way deserving of a thrashing…..
James Maxwell assaults Tharum Chun of Jiggi at Hanging Creek. Happened Hotel Tuncester. “If you don’t hit the Hindoos now and again, they’ll run the country.”
2Jun09: The Riddle of the Orient. Hindu Fatalism.
3Jun09: George Cross takes horse of Meyer Singh of Dunoon, from Shar Mahomet’s paddock Tuncester.
16Jun09: Convert to Hinduism. Aust actress marries a Hindu.
24Jun09: Paul Singh furious riding Woodlark St
30Jun09: Syrian protest – Sydney merchants.

14Jul09: North Lismore Ratepayers Assoc. Mr Nunan referred to the fact that nothing had been done in respect of the Assyrians in North Lismore. Mr Hewitson said he had been informed by three Assyrians who came from Queensland, that the Queensland Government had passed an Act prohibiting the granting of licenses. Mr Latcham said it rested with the presiding magistrate. The farmers and the residents who patronised the Assyrians kept them here. ….Mr Latchan said the people in North Queensland were taking action themselves. If the cooperation of the people who patronised the Assyrians could be obtained the Assyrian must go…..
16Jul09: Children on Dairy Farms. Average 77% school attendance.
20Jul09: Syrians in Lismore. Sir,- At a meeting of the North Lismore Ratepayers’ Association held on the 13^th inst., several gentlemen took upon themselves the task of attacking the Syrians living in that quarter, Mr Nunan, as usual, opening the batting. We notice that Mr N. has dropped the cry of packing-case houses since it was pointed out that if there were any such that he had been employed in building them. He now calls upon the public at large to get up a petition to have their (the Syrian) licenses refused. Mr N. may only be desirous of seeing his name in print, and this is the charitable construction we put upon his vaporizing.
Mr Latcham also takes an active part in pin-pricking. We may be pardoned for not being able to see in what way a dealer in cows benefits his fellow creatures more than we who carry such wares to their doors as they may require?
Mr Hewitson, as one who receives substantial recognition from us in the shape of work, should be the last to abuse us., and if he calls to mind other trifles received from some of us, may admit that his remarks are uncalled for.
Mr Carr and Mr Riley are probably within their rights in airing their opinions (if opinions they be) and Mr Fogarty, as echo only, wound up an unneighbourly, unchristian like and offensive discussion.
We would like to point out that we are in the first place law-abiding British subjects, exercising our rights in making a living by honest and legitimate trade. In the second place, if we can sell at lower rates than most of the stores, we benefit the consumer. That, however, we leave without comment with our customers to decide.
Mr Gardiner’s remarks are hardly worth noticing, as ‘nuisance’ is a vague work. Anything may be so termed that interferes with our own little ideas. No doubt when a Mr Bill Sykes is yanked into gaol he considers the whole affair a great nuisance.
As regards our standing as a people, we refer our traducers to the history of our country, requesting them to get some little insight into the past history, traditions, and feelings, of a people who boast of a high state of civilization at a time when the west, to put it mildly, was very much in the rough.
Mr Hewitson’s Queensland yarn, including the three Syrians is a myth of the Potriana type, and may be placed with the oft recurring Tarantoola tiger fable.
In conclusion, we only ask for our right as men and fellow citizens. None will find us backward in recognising law, order, and good fellowship.
If we are called upon to retaliate in kind, little relish as we have for recrimination, we shall have to deal with some plain facts that may prove unpleasant reading to those who assail us. At the same time we desire to live in peace and unity with our fellow citizens.
Forbearance has limits and those little attacks, puerile and unwarranted as they are, have a tendency to provoke retaliative measures.
Believing that in justice to us as a respectable body of men you will insert this in your paper. Yours etc Syrian Progressive Association.
24Jul09: Working Like a Nigger. Why do we say such jolly things
31Jul09: Catholic v. Protestant.

3Aug09: A Large Tomato. 2lb 2oz tomato grown by Mudgid Khan of Boorie, who for years has made a speciality of growing tomatoes for market during the winter months… He has about an acre and a half this season… at 5 shillings a half case they are a profitable crop.
11Aug09: North Lismore Ratepayers Assoc. Considerable discussion took place regarding a letter which appeared in the columns of the NS on July 26 emanating from the ‘Syrian Association’. After most of the members had spoken on the matter, it was decided that a special meeting should be called to frame a reply to it …..
12Aug09: Lismore District Hospital. Donations of 1 guinea and over from A. Skype, J Bracks, J Bouchillil, W Habib, F Moses, A Joseph, W Bouchillil, S Anthony, N Hillway, C Wickham…. Half guinea: G Moses, Ran Singh, Sam Lee. Half Sovereign: C. Sing, Serena Singh, Tokio.
14Aug09: A White Tyalgum. The good people of Tyalgum have been stirred up to a sudden frenzy of White patriotism by the fact that a Hindoo has been successful in the local land ballot. If this is allowed Tyalgum declares that it will want to know whether civilization is a failure and the Caucasion played out. It demands, however, that coloured persons shall be denied the right of acquiring land in the district on any terms, and that no matter what becomes of the rest of Australia, the policy of ‘White Tyalgum’ be relentlessly maintained. It is an aspiration with which, in the abstract all Australians can sympathise, but the question is where will the coloured men barred out of Tyalgum go to? They will have to get a living in competition with the people of some other district, which is equally entitled to protection against alien competition. And while they are in the country, how can we expect them to support themselves in honesty if they are prevented from entering the ranks of lawful industry? Tyalgum may ignore this aspect of the question, so long as the aliens are kept away from that neighbourhood, but it is one which the state as a whole cannot overlook. Any man without a lawful right to be in Australia should be deported, but whoever is here by permission of the law should have the freedom which the British flag guarantees to law-abiding citizens, irrespective of race or colour, living under its shelter. The White Australia policy does not include persecuting coloured people in Australia, its object is only to be gained by fairly and squarely shutting them out. Those lawfully here must either honestly support themselves, or become a charge on the community, and leaving justice out of the question, it would be a poor sort of White Australia policy which prevented aliens from earning their own living in our midst compelled the whites to earn it for them. And forced to its ultimate issue that is where the ‘White Tyalgum’ movement would inevitably lead.
16Aug09: Bravo Tyalgum. Every Australian whose heart is in the right place will raise his ‘Hague and Mason Hat’ to the toilers of Tyalgum, who are fighting for a white man’s right.
The number of Hindoo applicants for North Cost land is increasing every week, and every black man who succeeds at the ballot box squeezes a white man out.
These black settlers are not only a menace to the peace and security of the people amongst whom they settle, but a danger to our race as a whole. And this is the feature that should be borne in mind by the Land Boards when considering the suitability of blacks to go to the ballot.
We see a fair specimen of the dirty Hindoo in our main streets every Saturday night, when their conduct is only permitted by the police because they are less enlightened than their white brothers. Everybody knows that white men would not be allowed to hold up the traffic in front of shops by congregating on the toepath, and grabbling noisily for half an hour or so, to the inconvenience of peaceful passers by. The police attitude is probably a humane one under the circumstances, but there is no earthly reason to justify the black man who squeezes our wives and families off the toepath – squeezes us off earth. As I said at the beginning, every Australian whose heart is in the right place, and whose head is cooled and comforted by Hague and Mason’s Hats, will stick to Tyalgum, and use every constitutional method to retain a ‘White Tyalgum’.
Hague and Mason’s Hats and Shirts and Trousers and Boots and Sox are made by white men, sold by white men, and bought by white men….
(Daniel Mason was a prominent Catholic. Obit 11/12Aug32.]
18Aug09: The Tweed Anti-Hindoo Meeting.  A meeting of about 100 people assembled at the School of Arts, Murwillumbah, on Monday evening in response to an advertisement calling on the people to enter a strong protest against the law. Which allows the Hindoo to acquire land. Rain commenced to fall a few minutes prior to the meeting, and interfered with the attendance.
The Mayor (Mr Peter Street, Murbah solicitor who represented Hindoos and brother-in-law of the White Australia Cafe Baker Bros of Mullum), in his opening remarks, stated the object of the meeting, and detailed the circumstances leading to it…. He had seen it in a newspaper that a Hindoo was as good as a white man, the only difference being that he had a black skin. He (the speaker) did not believe that. He was not fitted, nor would he ever become a desirable citizen. The meeting ought to have been ten times the size it was….
Alderman Moriarty, who moved the first resolution, remarked that it had been said by many within the town that little could be done owing to the Hindoos being British subjects. This was wrong, because the Senate had only last week decided that they would not allow a Hindoo to take an old-age pension, no matter if he fitted all desired requirements…. ‘ Socially and morally they are a blight on our civilization, and we must protest against the Hindoo being allowed to take up land. What will become of Australia if the Hindoo is allowed to take up land?’…. He moved – ‘That this meeting of residents of Murwillumbah and district hereby protests against Hindoos being allowed to ballot for or occupy the lands of the State for the following reasons: (1) We consider that are an undesirable class; (2) they lower the moral tone of any community where they reside. In many centres of the district away from police protection selector’s wives and children will not be safe if the Hindoos are allowed to make homes there.’
Mr JN Ferguson, Bangalow, seconded the motion.
Mr Alf Jay supported the motion. … We must show these people (the Government) that we are in earnest. We are a dairying people, and if all dairymen would agree to meet and pass a resolution to the effect that no cream be received from land owned by a Hindoo they would be doing what they were asking the government to do, and if you show the Hindoo that you intend to black list him, he will soon leave the district….. He (the speaker) was a white Australian, and would always raise his voice in protest against black men owning land in this district. (Cheers.)
Mr Kirby, Tyalgum….. They should go to the government and ask them for protection against this alien invasion, and God help them if the legislators refused and the Hindoos got a hold in this district. …..
Mr R Campbell, Bangalow,….. Any white man was better than a Hindoo, and the Land Board should throw their applications out every time. No man present would like to see his daughter married to a Hindoo, but this was the sought of thing that would happen if they allowed these Hindoos to permanently settle in the district. …
Mr Ashley thought the Assyrian was equally as bad a citizen as the Hindoo, and ought to be included in the resolution.
19Aug09: A Hindoos Troubles. C.S. Brown v. Atta Singh assault. Police v. Atta Singh indecent language. Atta Singh v. CS Brown illegally using a horse. Singh v. James Lee assault. Nuttoo witness.
28Aug09: Champion horses Hindoo and Mussulman parade Lismore.

9Sep09: Meeting to resuscitate Lismore Chamber of Commerce poorly attended. Chamber existed 10yrs ago. 5yrs without a chamber. 10yrs ago started with 50 members and built to 82.
16Sep09: First meeting of chamber cancelled due lack of interest.
22Sep09: Meeting of chamber finally gets up.
15Sep09: The Richmond River District Council of Progress Associations. Letters from the Tweed River District Council of Progress Associations and the Tyalgum branch of the Farmers and Settlers Association asking the cooperation of the Association to prevent Hindoos from taking up Crown Land.
Mr Latcham said that be understood the purpose of the Association was to protect their own sons. They saw every day men who had to leave the Northern Rivers because of the Hindoos taking up land. These Hindoos were very far from being desirable citizens. Resolved to write to Minister for Lands, through Mr Hindmarsh, to have the Land Act amended so as to prevent Hindoos, and other colored races from taking up allotments.
15Sep09: The North Lismore Ratepayers Association. The President intimated that it was decided at the special meeting that the Association should take some action on the Assyrian question. The secretary had written to two gentlemen in Queensland with reference to the matter, but as yet no reply had been received.
Mr Flick thought that the Association had been slighted on this question. He thought it was very small on the district to have to ask Queensland or any other colony for help.
Mr T. Riley explained that the object of the Association writing to Queensland was to get some information on the subject.
The President stated that the two gentlemen were members of the State Legislature, and they had already dealt with the question.
Matter to be held in abeyance.
16Sep09: Coloured Applicants for Land. Mr GS Briner, MLA, writes in the S.M. Herald :- In at least two instances within the last few months Asiatics have been successful in land ballots on the north coast……. In the north coast instances, I noticed that a Syrian in one case and a Hindoo in the other case were successful at the ballot against numbers of bona fide white applicants. There was much indignant protest from the local people in each instance, but nothing could be done to remedy matters, because, as the law stands, any alien can apply for land, and become a qualified holder by merely lodging a declaration to the effect that he will become a British Subject.
I would like to point out that where aliens come into conflict with bona fide white applicants, the land board has absolute power to deal effectively with them and the board can exclude any undesirable applicants from the ballot without being questioned as to its reasons for doing so. If half a dozen white Australians, or natural born British subjects, apply for a block of land, for which two or three aliens also apply, the applications being simultaneous, the land board has power to exclude the aliens from the ballot, and can refuse to give any reason for so doing.
To which the Northern Star added a comment…. Then at the back of all there is the wider question of the right to acquire freeholds by purchase, or lease, etc. No foreigner until naturalized…
17Sep09: Small Debts Court. Mahomed Khan sued B. Arnold for illegal detention of horse.
28Sep09: Sahail Singh drunk.
30Sep09: Boswell on Lismore. Mullum? Not NS?

4Oct09: A Serious Assault. At North Lismore. While riding up Terania Street on his way home late on Saturday night, a young man found a Hindoo lying in the middle of the road. Examination revealed that the man was seriously injured, and the fact was communicated to the police, who proceeded to the place, and found the man lying unconscious in a pool of blood, with a big gash across his forehead. … It was found necessary to perform an operation… Later particulars disclose that the injured man’s name was Pundit. Accompanied by one of his countrymen he was on his way homeward when they were accosted by a band of young men….
13Oct09: Liberal Party branch formed Lismore.
13Oct09: North Lismore Ratepayers Association meeting. President Latcham elected to Lismore Council….. The coloured man has also been considered, and information which will be to hand in a few days, is only awaited before definite action is taken.
21Oct09: Mahomet Ali v. Pope in Small Debts Court
1Nov09: A White Australia. Archbishop of Brisbane disagrees with policy. Unchristian. He was heretic enough to believe that the salvation of the North really was Kanaka labour…
1Nov09: An Asiatic Settler. The Minister for Lands was asked in the Legislative Assembly on Thursday evening to say if an Asiatic named Chene Singh, holder of conditional purchase 08-94, at Grafton, had fulfilled residence conditions. Working away from selection and returning each weekends with provisions for compatriots working it in meantime. Two months extension.
4Nov09: Mohammed Ali v. Hashan Khan in Small Debts Court.
10Nov09. Nth Lis Ratepayers meeting. No mention of Syrians.
11Nov09: Federal Elections. Peter Street, ex mayor of Murbah candidate. Addressed Lismore meeting of 60. Meeting finished with 150.  Lib candidate as replacement for Sir Thomas Ewing.
12Nov09: Walter Massy Greene addresses party rally.
24Nov09: Lack of interest Chamber of Commerce. 10 out of membership of 100 turn up.
25Nov09: Candidate for Fed Elec. Venour Nathan in Lis. Mohammed Ali v. C.A. Brown and V.E. Wood Small Debts Court. Mois Khan gardener of Wyrallah sued by Maurice McInerney over horse.
2Dec09: Abdullah Skype v. Hugh Coyle Small Debts Court. Natoo drunk
6Dec09: Two Americans start Market Garden.
9Dec09: Paul Singh riotous behaviour Terania St. Indians at Variance. Davy Ditta, ‘quietest man among the Hindoos of North Lismore’. Riotous behaviour in Boukalil’s store. Natoo, a relative, from same town as Dita. Natoo had a row with Abdullah. Shar Singh witness. Sahail Singh and Indur Singh assaulted Natoo. ‘Shail Singh was about the most dangerous man in the district’. Semark witness. An Obstreperous Chinaman. Willie Ah How refused to give up land (market garden) to Bookan Singh.
11Dec09: Solomon and Lazarus. Buyers of bankrupt stock Woodlark St.
17Dec09: Australia for Australians. A. Eggins, Furniture Emporium.
29Dec09: Dicky Amham Singh and Hali Singh drunk.
31Dec09: Hawkers Licenses 16 licenses renewed. Nearly all the applicants were coloured people.

1910 NS
4Jan10: People subdividing freehold land to meet demand but puzzled at not being rushed like crown land.
7Jan10: Land Board Sittings. G. Vish Singh (aka George Bishan Singh), Gunga, and Harry M. Deen, Hindoos, (and Harman A. N. Gray?) each won Crown Land in a ballot for blocks at Blue Knob, Nimbin. ‘Sunday’ drew 16^th position. 88 applicants for 9 blocks. The dusky applicant (Gunga) was examined at length by the Board, and in the course of his evidence stated that he was the owner of property of the value of £200. Meeting adjourned for him to go away and get evidence.
7Jan10: Colour Problems. By Hague and Mason’s White Panama. Britishers can depend upon getting a good article at a fair figure at the Hatacre.
Once again the colour problem has raised itself in our midst, and white men want to know if they are to be allowed to settle on a white man’s land or is their heritage to be handed over to the dusky Hindoos? In the rainbow of races the primary colours are white (which includes all the colours), black (which is no colour)…… If the principle of a white Australia be sound, then so long as there is one white man wanting land he should have preference. The white man’s duty to the inferior races is that of a trustee and schoolmaster, not that of a brother or a brother-in-law. ….
8Jan10: Land Board Sitting. Hindoos Applications Confirmed. Gunga gets 400 acres. Had 3 horses agisted Brunswick Heads + others elsewhere. Oprem Singh interpreter. Bank acct details. Muddra Khan owed him money. 7yrs NSW and 2yrs QLD. George Bishan Singh born village of Hair on the Sutlej River, 80 miles from Lahore, got 266 acres. Hajarrih Singh owed him money. Hajarrih, a boarding House keeper of North Lismore, owned 7 houses Nth Lis. Deen got 266 acres, but confirmation postponed. Prem was unswerving in his declaration that he knew Gunga personally, and stated that Gunga was a British-born subject. Acting more as an advocate than interpreter. Gunga from same district in Punjab.
8Jan10: Editorial. Hindoos as Selectors. ….It was somewhat remarkable that out of 88 applications for only nine cp leases three Hindoos should have been successful. So that while our own people may have to go further afield to obtain the land they seek the Asiatics obtain the land the others want…. That is not the only inconsistency that we see around. Settlers who rail against aliens and Asiatics, nevertheless employ them and thus enable them to establish themselves in our district. According to the evidence of one of them the European does not disdain to borrow money from his Asiatic friend, who is becoming a capitalist, stockowner, and land holder. We recognise that there are Hindoos and Hindoos, and that many of these we have here are very undesirable settlers. ….and seeing to what it may lead, the subject is one which should be considered by Parliament, and in the meantime the electors can express their opinion on the subject… If the Hindoo is to have a place here we do not consider it should be as a freeholder or kindred tenure.
10Jan10: Mr McGowen, MLA for Refern, and Leader of the State Labour Party, and Leader of Opposition, in Lismore. Interjector: ‘We’re not a lot of Hindoos.’ (on being told to keep quiet) A Voice: ‘You ought to be amongst them.’… An elector asked if the party was in favour of preventing the privilege of selection of land being given to Hindoos.’ Mr McGowen replied that it was. He had always believed that these people were undesirable in the community, and so did the majority of the people who made up the Federation. …. (Applause)
13Jan10: Letter to Editor. The Other Side. It would seem that the householder who informed you of the fact that a Hindoo had been registered by the Council to sell milk is almost identical with the party who wrote you two letters some little time ago, one of them over the nom de plume of ‘One Who Knows”. These letters had reference to the town milk supply. ….I agree with you that about 99.5% of Hindoos should not be registered. Assuming there are 200 in the district you will see how it pans out. The case of my esteemed friend, Mr Dyal Singh, is not an ordinary one…. He is married to one of his own countrywomen; a most estimable woman, has one son attending the Public School, and lives in one of the cleanest, neatest…..  I cannot conclude without saying that Dyal Singh is one of the most upright, generous, whitest and most honourable men of my acquaintance, and he has many friends who agree with me. …. Yours Henry Parry.
15Jan10: Dairy Cow Stats. 180,112 cows and 2,682 Dairymen Lismore (1065 in 1909 and 898 in 1908), Casino and Ballina Districts.
18Jan10: Hindoos and the Land. Lismore Municipal Council. Moved by Ald White to have representations made to the Government with a view to preventing Hindoos and other undesirable aliens taking up Crown lands for settlement.  Speaking on the motion, he said that these Hindoos who were taking up land were always figuring in the Court for offences from manslaughter down to petty thieving, and they all knew their moral character. There were thousands of white people in the district anxious to get on the land, and it was nothing short of a crime for these aliens to get it. As Mr Barrie had said they other day, not one-half per cent of the Hindoos were decent people. … What the effect of this resolution would be he did not know, but he had thought that there might be some chance of the people taking the matter up. Some of these people were getting no more than their deserts, for they had encouraged these Hindoos to come to the district by employing them and buying from them and selling to them. Two butter factories in the district bought milk from these aliens and one of the two boasted openly of it.
Ald Latcham said every alderman in the room would be pleased to wipe out the stain on Lismore of these aliens snatching up the land. They were men who should not be allowed to walk on the footpath, the road was the place for them.  (Hear, hear.) He was surprised that men should so belittle themselves to give them land, when they had the power of refusing them…
20Jan10: Roor Singh, labourer of Nth Lis and farmer of Gundurimba, stole Boojah’s horse.
22Jan10: Letter to Ed by Mahomet Aalum, Storekeeper of North Lismore. If you can spare a space in your paper, I should like to make a few remarks about the customs (religious and social) of the so-called Christian people in Australia as they appear to me. Before remarking on other religions, I will just give a few remarks regarding my own. I am an Afghan by birth, and follow the teachings of the prophet of our nationality – viz., Mahomet….. I may say that Mohammedans are totally different to Hindoos. The latter worship cattle as their God, and therefore are idolators…. Now as everyone admits God made Adam and gave to him Eve as a companion…. Thus all people, no matter to what nation they belong, are all blood relations, and are equal in the sight of God. Why is it that coloured people are being continually insulted by so-called Christians? …. I have been 12 years in different parts of Australia, and cannot bring myself to believe that there is any spirit of religion in the people…… I wish to mention here that a true Afghan would just as soon lose his life as be called a Hindoo or Assyrian, and then people wonder why we retaliate when we are insulted. …. I have been here thirteen (13) months, and I can say that, being a single man, I have never by word, deed or jest offended any female or said anything to them that could be construed into badness. ….
24Jan10: Gudget Singh, Sheer Singh and Bisham Singh riotous behaviour.
25Jan10: Nathan addresses crowd of 400. Question: Are you in favour of Hindoos balloting for land. Answer: It was not a Federal matter, but he might say he was an absolute white Australian and he would not have these men at all.
25Jan10: Boojar and Roor Singh charge police with detention of horse.
27Jan10: Hindoos Balloting For Land. L to E by Chas Martin of Boatharbour. Sympathetic to Hindoos. + Letter on Dunoon Drunks. ‘Even the despised Indians came home quietly and do not trouble Indians.
29Jan10: L to E from Prem Singh. Would you kindly grant me space in your paper for the following and oblige. The fretful and wilful allegations made against the Hindoos by a certain paper (Lismore Chronicle or North Coast Daily News, but more likely the latter) on the 10^th January, headed ‘Hindoos and Land Settlement.’ At the special expressed wish of a number of Lismore residents, I reply to the unjust assertions that all Hindoos are undesirable aliens and are not fit to be allowed to acquire Crown Lands in Australia, and also this same paper has falsely blamed the Hindoos for sending away money to the seditious party in India, and also in order to please its readers has done all in its power to stop the Hindoos from getting land in Australia. It has wantonly hurt the feelings of the quiet and peaceful Hindoos on the Richmond. In a similar way, the other night, Aldermen White and Latcham used some very offensive and uncalled for language against the personal interests of the Hindoos of Lismore. In the course of their speeches they spared no pains in giving the Hindoo a bad name. I would like the paper to explain to me whether they class all Hindoos undesirable or only some of them.
The said paper and its friends, and all the members of the Lismore Municipal Council must bear in mind that all Hindoos are not undesirable. There are Hindoos working on the Richmond for a good many years who never took any part in police court proceedings, neither have they been fined or punished for any offence whatever. But alas, these innocent Hindoos are all classed as undesirable by the paper and its backbones.
I would ask it and Aldermen White and Latchman whether it would be advisable for the civilized press and responsible men to treat all good and bad alike. Aldermen White and Latcham, you deserve seats as members of the State in recognition of your high sense of justice and impartiality towards the coloured subjects of the King living in Lismore. After you have got a seat in Parliament then you will see how long your offensive language and your oppressive policy will be tolerated by the people of India.
Instead of running down the Hindoos of Lismore it was your duty as European members (Aldermen White and Latcham) to think well of and look after the personal interests of all the people, black or white, according to the Local Government Act.
In conclusion, I trust that our just and impartial Government will see their way clear to look after and well protect our personal interests, rights, and privileges in Australia against the wild attacks of these ignorant and thoughtless fools of the White and Latcham school. ….

1Feb10: L to E by Layman.  Asking why the clergy haven’t responded to Aalum. And goes on to say why Christianity is better.  The Star mischievously printed an unflattering definition of Mahommedanism from the Chambers Encyclopaedia.
2Feb10: The Press and Hindoos. L to E by Prem Singh. Referring to same article ‘Hindoos and Land Settlement’.  Wrote much the same letter as before. If Madam Daily Mail had only looked over and thoroughly studied the pages…. May have meant Daily News rather than Sydney Daily Mail? ie North Coast Daily News published 1907-14 Lismore?
2Feb10: L to E by Local Preacher supporting Layman.
2Feb10: Lo, the Poor Indian. Indian donates £5 to Hospital.
3Feb10: Roor Singh. Use of unregistered brand.
5Feb10: The Indian Letter. Letter from A Preacher.
7Feb10: That Indian Letter. ‘….We take up a newspaper and find a Mahommedan placing Jesus alongside a Mahometan…
7Feb10: Hindoo Selectors. Reprint of Sydney Morning Herald…. There was no need for special legislation as the Land Board had the power to reject applications where it is considered the applicant would not make a suitable settler. ….We want the best type of settler: the man who will build up a home on the land and rear a family. Can the Hindoo be expected to fulfil this aim? He is almost invariably a bird of passage. His ambition is to get together a few hundred pounds and to go back to his native land an independent man. He is the antithesis of our ideal selector. And if he should be the exception and intend to stay here, marry and rear children, then a worse position is reached. Such a development is absolutely repugnant to public sentiment, a factor which can never be ignored, and directly antagonistic to the national ideal of a white Australia. ….
10Feb10: A Hindoo Disturbance. Hajarrah Singh, a burley Hindoo and boarding house keeper of Nth Lis. Sahail Singh and Charlie Nundah. Nundah replied in the customary way of his tribe: ‘You summons me, me summons you, too’! Nutoo and Sennark charged with insulting Haijarrah Singh. Daleepa, Hanna and Soupra witnesses. Haijarrah unlawfully detained money of Mudgee Khan. Nabob Khan witness. Mea Singh, Mulla, Goro, Meer Singh, Abdullah, Bridget Harley witnesses.
11Feb10: Boojar and Roor Singh Again. Horse stealing.
11Feb10: Prem Singh letter on India assassination
12Feb10: Roojar and Roor Singh Again. Horse case.
12Feb10: The Case of the Hindoos. L to E by Prem Singh. Again fighting allegations of another paper…. Mr Editor, I cannot forget you for your kindness and fairness in publishing my previous letters, and respectfully asking you to publish this one as early as you can…
12Feb10: L to E fro Mahomet Aalam. I see in your issues of 1^st and 5^th of February letters commenting on my letter of earlier date. I am disappointed with the contents of each, as the writers show great ignorance….; also their going under a nom de plume shows that they are afraid to let the public know that they are for Christ…. In conclusion, Mr Editor, I must assuredly say that I do not intend, in future, to reply to anyone who is afraid to sign his name and address…
12Feb10: Christianity. Mason and Hague hats. Asiatics exist in a religious atmosphere, but the oriental standard of truth is unintelligible to the western mind.
12Feb10: The Indian Letter. By F. Withers on religion.
14Feb10: Mohammedism. Sermon by Rev A. M. Gauld. Crowded congregation at St Paul’s Presbyterian Church.
14Feb10: That Mohammedan Letter and Hindoos. L to E by George Harnam Singh of The Channon. If you can spare me a space in your paper. I should like to contradict a few remarks made by Mahomet Aalum in his letter of the 22^nd January, referring to the Hindoos as being Idolators.
I wish to say that the Hindoos are not idolators. They do not worship cattle as the Afghan says….. You said that the Afghan would sooner lose his life than be called a Hindoo. What harm would it do you if you were? You cannot have any belief in God if that is the sort of man you are. It would not matter anything to me to be called an Afghan, and a man that loves God would not bother about what they say. I will admit that there are some of a bad class of Hindoos, the same as there are in any nation, and there are many Hindoos just as clean in the body and heart, and would do people a good turn if possible….. I have been in this country fifteen years, and I have never had a quarrel with any man. I always try to live peacefully with everybody….. If you, Mr Afhgan, would sooner have your life destroyed than be called a Hindoo, you cannot have any belief in God, otherwise you would take no notice of it. …. You do not show much sense, and in my opinion do not know what you are talking about because two Hindoo men had an argument with you, you go and publish a letter making them all out as bad, and also being idolators. The English people have been classing you as undesirable, but the English know our religion. You are only trying to make yourself a big man by publishing a letter and talking about things that you know nothing about. … We believe our prophet, which has the name of Goroo Nannack Sababb. ….
14Feb10: On Behalf of the Indians. L to E by A. Khan. I wish you to grant me a small space in defence of the Indians now residing in this part. I am living a long way in the country; that is the reason I am so late in replying to some of the statements. But I cannot let pass some of the unjust remarks made by these selfish and proud and unfair people towards the Indians or Asiatics. Why do they treat us unfairly? … We are faithful subjects to the Empire and have always been loyal and ready to sacrifice our lives for the Crown. This being so, is it justice that we should receive such treatment? Regarding Alderman Latcham’s wild remarks in the Council meeting, he should not forget that one day he will have to answer for all these things. He will not be an Alderman all the time. Men who make remarks like him can only be classed as followers of or allied to Satan, because he condemned Adam…. I feel constrained to compare Ald Latcham to King Pharaoh, who killed all the little children for fear he might lose his kingdom. Ald Latcham is afraid if a few of our people obtain land here we will eventually get to own it all and rule the country. …. Speaking for my own people, the Mohammedans, of whom there are about 42 in these districts, I can assure Ald Latcham that we have no desire to establish a second India here. …. I challenge him to prove that within the past five years two Mohammedans have been convicted of crime in this district. I only know of one conviction even for drunkenness….
14Feb10: Mohammedanism. L to E by Ixion. Mainly condemnation of Mohammadanism but is close to Christians.
15Feb10: 2 letters by Mahomet Aalum. Hindoos are Idolators. Answer to G. Harnam Singh. + answer to Withers. And also flattered the NS editor.
16Feb10: L to E By Moses Wickham, Christian Syrian from Egypt. Condemns Mahommedanism and Aalum. … You know why the Syrian people go to America and Australia? Because they find the law better than the Mahommedan law. Because the law in this country is better all through than the Mahommedan law – not all lies, and also because the people in this country are all sensible people. You ought to se the Mahommedan people in my country; they are like animals. How would you like to live with these people? …
17Feb10: Roojah v. Roor Singh. Horse.
17Feb10: L to E re Mahommedanism by Semper Paratus. Reply to Ixiom re the abominable Mommons of Bryham Young.
23Feb10: In Defence of the Hindoo. L to E by Prem Singh of Invercauld, Lismore. In a paper here of January last it unfairly alleged that the Hindoos (understand all Hindoos) are associated with white women of low character and so on. On this point that paper overstepped the fundamental principles of justice and impartiality, and has gone so far as to wilfully stigmatise the national character of all the Hindoos on the Richmond. … According to the laws of this country, all the white women are free and at liberty to get associated with and to marry anybody they like, therefore several white woman, good and bad, are associated with and are married to several of the anti-British Asiatics and even to aborigines of this country, and to the South Sea Islanders, while very few Hindoos are associated with and married to very few white women of low or high character, then how can this particular paper be justified in making continual attacks and unjust and inhuman accusations against all the Hindoos alike of being, as alleged, associated with women. …. And again flattered the Norther Star editor.
24Feb10: Charlie Singh, gardener of Nth Lis, building house without approval of council. (3Mar10: Charles Sing, Chinaman, building case.)
24Feb10: The Indian Claim to Full Citizenship. L to E by ‘Crowquill’ of Lismore. Some of our coloured fellow subjects of the British Crown have had much to say of late in your columns concerning what they deem to be unjust treatment meted out to them in Australia. Reading between the lines their objections are apparently not so much against present alleged disabilities as against the possibility of having some of the rights of British subjects – such as acquiring land from the Crown – taken from them. The Indians are surely acute enough to perceive that the cowardly human white scum that deal out stench to coloured people simply because they are coloured, when they think they can get away with a whole skin, are in nowise representative of our people as a whole.
On the white man’s side much too is said which is the obvious outcome of mere race prejudice and profound ignorance of the principals underlining Government in general under the British Crown. They do not stop to consider that our Empire is far more black than white and that, equitably speaking, if we insist upon a denial of equal citizens rights under equal conditions, to British Indians, our white fellow subjects in India and other ‘coloured’ countries have no right to the enjoyment of such privileges, save such as may be enforced by arms.
…., but I maintain at the same time that the Musselmen and Hindoos here who deserve consideration should be treated fairly and considerably. … We also have a perfect right to expect Indians to contribute, according to their ability and use, towards the upkeep of our public hospitals and other civic institutions; also towards upkeep of the administration of the laws which protect them and their money. If the coloured people would have equal citizens rights then they must shoulder equal responsibilities. They must contribute reasonably and systematically towards the Hospital fund. They use our local hospitals (and law courts) very freely, and yet, I am credibly informed, give next to nothing to support the former. The Mahommedan section evince a disposition to do something reasonable and fair as regards the hospital: It remains to be seen whether the Hindoos will do likewise. If not, then there will be no room for wonder if their selfish greed proves the means of their being first denied full citizen rights and being finally kicked out of the country.
Let me repeat, as a note of warning, that self-preservation compels us to keep Australia white: but we as a people are nevertheless prepared to treat the coloured people who are here fairly provided, and only provided, they live in a cleanly decent way, show respect for our laws, and adequately support the institutions of the country, including hospitals.
26Feb10: Aliens and the Hospital. £16/15/6 collected from a number of ‘gentlemen from India’…. They expressed the hope that when more of their countrymen were brought into touch with the movement the amount would be raised to £40. He (Treasure Mr J. I. Smith) thought this very handsome, and the committee’s thanks were due to Mr Crowley for the way in which he handled the matter. He gave the men a number of tickets, and they went away with the consciousness of an interest in the institution.
Mr Crowley said the duty of approaching these people had been delegated to him. He approached the Mahomedans and on Saturday they had a meeting to build a mosque and the money was collected. He impressed on them the importance of regular and systematic giving and he thought they all looked forward to making the contribution annually. That is, they would pay into their head man and he would pay to the hospital treasurer. He had spoken to the Hindoos on the matter, and trusted it would become a matter of rivalry between these people as to who would contribute the most. He hoped that if any of these people came to members of the committee fro information it would be imparted in a kindly way and they not be treated too curtly. From questions asked him, they appeared entirely ignorant regarding the hospital management. ….
The President said it was a very fine result, but these people ought to know something about the hospital, for a large number of them had been in there and been treated with every kindness and leniency. They must have kept it dark from their fellows. …

8Mar10: L to E. Rev Gauld and Mahommedans from Mahomet Aalum.
10Mar10: W.N. Gillies selected by Labour League for Richmond.
12Mar10: Eggins/Atwell/Baker perjury case. Mullumbimby.
19Mar10: Candidates: William Neal Gillies, Tintenbar farmer for Labour. Walter Massy Greene Nimbin farmer for liberals. Venour Vigue Nathan, independent means of Lismore as Independent Liberal Protectionist. Robert Pyers, Independent labour, Auctioneer of Casino.
19Mar10: Politics and Black Labour. L to E by Esse Quam Videri of Federal. I notice in the controversy on the Nathan-Greene prospects for Federal honours that some allusion has been made to the employment of black labour – Hindoos I presume. I am sure that all supporters of Mr Nathan who have lived on the scrub land of this fine district during the last twelve years or more will agree that those who use this as an argument against their opponent’s prospects will find the reverse may be the result. Any dairyman who had any quantity of scrub land to clear had found it at times absolutely impossible to combat the noxious growths and do other work involved in clearing with all the available white labour locally at their command. And I feel that I am very near the mark in stating that almost all dairymen under those conditions have employed Hindoos some time or other – especially the progressive ones who yearly increased their pasturage and kept their farms in a productive and profitable condition. Therefore, under these circumstances, it seems apparent that Mr Nathan’s supporters will lose this sympathy vote of the dairymen by misdirected influence. I feel sure had Mr Nathan, so to speak, not been born with the ‘silver spoon in his mouth’, and had a scrub farm to clear some years ago when white labour was as scarce as work was plentiful, that he would today feel proud that he had conquered the wilds even under those ‘dusky’ and adverse conditions. Both these gentlemen are to be commended when political aspirations urge them to offer their abilities for their country’s good; and they should be sufficiently liberal minded, as well as their supporters, to refrain from introducing past incidents (that may have been just under circumstances) as food for petty aspersions now.
24Mar10: L to E by John Clancy. Do not ever place the future of this district in the hands of the alien or the foreigner…
24Mar10: L to E by Margaret Keraney. The Liberal League is but the old black-labour party in disguise. Leaving out the black labour part of it, the Liberal League always was, and is, the handmaiden of the cheap and nasty importer from Germany, Japan and other foreign lands…
28Mar10: Nathan addresses crowd of 2000 from balcony of Royal Hotel.
28Mar10: The Colour Question. L to E by Byron Bay Elector. In addressing the electors at Byron bay on Tuesday night last Mr Nathan bitterly denounced another candidate for having employed black labour, and on being asked questions after finishing his address, he again repeated his assertion that he was opposed to Hindoo labour. Now on one member of the audience bringing before him the fact that they were British subjects, he qualified his previous statements by saying that he ‘did not object to Hindoos getting their living here in a clean way’.  What does the candidate mean by ‘in a clean way’? To a large number of electors in Byron Bay these arguments of Mr Nathan’s seem nonsensical, as in one breath he objected to Hindoo labour being employed, and in the next he favoured it. Any person will admit that if Hindoos are to get their living in the district somebody must employ them, and the man that favours them getting their living here must necessarily favour their employment. Apparently Mr Nathan was trying to make a distinction without a difference. Another question asked the speaker was whether he had shares in CSR… The remarks made by Mr Nathan at Byron Bay on the black labour question come very badly from a man who is denouncing another candidate for having employed black labour…
29Mar10: L to E by Venour Nathan. ‘Byron Bay Elector’ has evidently made up his mind to misunderstand me. I denounced the employment of black labour, but not ‘bitterly’ as described. I am aware of the difficulty of excluding British subjects from Australia. I am against them being here at all, and I am an advocate of drastic legislation to prohibit their marrying with white women. The mixing of the white and black races has been in the case of the United States and South Africa, to put it mildly, without the least benefit of either race. In this district itself I have seen enough to make me strongly opposed to the presence of the black man. ….
30Mar10: L to E by Rous Mill re Do not place the future in the hands of the alien or foreigner editorial 23Mar

2Apr10: That Hindoo Question. Massy Green speaks Lismore….. He was in thorough accord with a policy of white Australia. (Cries of ‘Oh’ and ‘Pull off’, with some disorder.) He knew he had been publicly and personally attacked on this question, and it was a compliment to him that all that could be raked up against him after all the years he had been in the district was that on one occasion he had employed Hindoo labour. If the persons who made the charge knew anything about the work on scrub farms; (if they knew what it was to go on to one and have to clear a patch to pitch their tent (laughter) as he had to do; (Voice: ‘Dickon’) if they knew what it was to go on and clear it and make it fit to live on then they would know better than to raise such a cry. He did not think there was one farm in the district where at one time or another there had not been Hindoos employed. Not because they like them, and not because they were cheap, for Hindoo labour was not cheap compared with white. (Voice: ‘You’ve found that out now’.) All the years he had been on a scrub farm he had only employed Hindoo labour for some specific job that had to be finished in a certain time, and then only on about five occasions. (Applause.) He would give them the history of this question. Some time ago he had found a report was being privately circulated that he had constantly employed Hindoos. His friends told of this report. He also found that at a large number of meetings he was being asked the same three questions on the subject. At Bangalow showground he spoke to certain gentlemen connected with his political opponents, and one admitted they were using this against him. He said it was not fair fighting, but only crawling, and told them to take it onto the platform that night at Bangalow. That night at Bangalow Mr Nathan openly referred to the matter. The next morning a telegram was sent to the executive of the Liberal League in Sydney. ‘At the risk of being misunderstood I send the following information – Electorate as a whole has just learnt selected man been employing Hindoo labour at Farm’. That was signed Venour Nathan. The same day a telegram was sent from Casino ‘Black labour no good this electorate. Strongly advise support of League be given to Nathan.’  (Laughter and applause). He would leave the whole question at that without any comment. …
4Apr10: L to E by R. V. Kearney.  I must ask the favour of a small space to point out that Mr Greene when he said on Friday night that it was absolutely false that he had ever told me he had employed Indians twelve months ago was suffering from a loss of memory….
5Apr10: L to E by W. Massy Greene.  Kearney correct. … There was a good deal of noise in the hall at the time and I may not have heard…
5Apr10: L to E by James Graham. A great deal has been said by Mr Nathan and his supporters on the ‘black labour’ question, in order to damage the candidature of Mr Green, who has been guilty of employing black labour on his farm at some time in his life.  ….The author of this  statement tendered a nasty insult to everyman in the district who has at any time in his life employed coloured labour, amongst whom, sir, are a great many of Mr Nathan’s supporters. I have no brief to argue for black labour, but as Mr Nathan has himself referred to Mr Green’s employment of aliens, let me ask that gentlemen to look into the kitchens of most hotels where he boards, and see who cooks his dinner. Very often a Chinaman…..
7Apr10: Employing Hindoos. L to E by ‘Elector III’ of Hanging Rock.  I notice that a good deal of capital is being made by certain people for political purposes of the fact that Mr Green on a few occasions employed Hindoos at Nimbin when no other labour was available. That there is nothing in it most electors will admit. Why are not people consistent? Are there not scores of people in Lismore who send their clothes to Japanese laundries to be washed? And this is giving labour to aliens. Again, are there not Chinese cooks employed at hotels in Lismore and other towns? This too is employing aliens. And are there not land agents and others who doubtless accept fees from Hindoos, fill in their application forms for land, and help them in this way to settle down on the land as undesirable neighbours and residents, while white people who are unable to get land in New South Wales are leaving for Queensland. Fancy people of that class talking of a ‘White Australia’. Moreover, are there not people in Lismore and in other places who have sold town properties to Syrians, Hindoos, and other undesirable aliens, because, perhaps, they got a few pounds more from these people than they could get from their own people. These people have no room to complain about a candidate who employed Hindoos to do work when white labour was not procurable. Fancy any of these advocates of a white Australia voting against Mr Greene for employing ‘black labour’ to help put his farm in order at Nimbin where the country, though good as regards soil, rainfall, etc, is in places rough, heavily timbered, and thus rendering the clearing of a farm a costly and labourious task. Oh, yes, it is a ‘terrible crime’ under these circumstances for a struggling but brave and hardy pioneer to employ  a few Hindoos occasionally. But there is no crime, according to some people’s idea, to sell aliens town properties, help to settle them permanently on the land. Farmers and intelligent electors are not likely to be deceived by this bogus cry about employing ‘coloured labour’.
8Apr10: Nathan speaks Lismore and refutes Greene statement of events Bangalow. …What was the greatest ideal they had for Australia today? It was to keep this country white for ever. (Applause.)… Did Mr Greene entirely forget the pioneers who conquered the scrub long before there was a Hindoo on the Richmond River? Did he forget the men who earned a heritage long before the coloured problem became a menace to Australia? … Mr Natham was asked if it was not a fact that he had said he would not soil his hands with anyone that employed black labour, and he replied that with regard to the Federal Parliament he would not.
Is it not a fact that your present secretary, Westmarcott, employed Hindoo labour in the milking yard? – He is not my secretary. He is a private gentleman. …
Mr Martin asked why Mr Nathan, when he was dealing with the Hindoo question, did not also give his opinion on the Chinese cooks in hotels. The Mayor pointed out that Mr Nathan was not there to enter into a discussion on that point, but to answer questions.
Mr J. I. Smith: Did you say tonight that you would not condone your own brother if he employed Hindoo labour? – Politically I’d have nothing to do with him.
Well are you now prepared to disown your recently found brother, father and mother? (Laughter) – I am talking about politics brother. These are two different situations – the personal private life and the public life (Applause)
Another questioner asked whether Mr Greene employed black labour in his political life – (laughter and applause)- to which Mr Nathan said he did not know; but he certainly did not.
8Apr10: L to E by ‘Elector IV’ I perused the letter signed Elector III. I think it about the most to the point of any I have read so far. He might have gone a little further and told those that are crying out about Mr Greene the fact that the bulk of them can be seen, or their wives (every day) buying vegetables from the Chinese…..
9Apr10:  Editorial. White-Labour Advocates and Black-Labour Employees. …. In Lismore there are three laundries, one of which is owned by a white proprietary and is run by white labour, the other two by coloured alien labour. It would be highly interesting just now to have a census of the white Australia barrackers at political meetings who turn out with alien laundried linen likewise to know how many political aspirants who are denouncing alien labour and who in their time have done the same, or have employed even Hindoos to milk their cows. …. European market gardeners here can also supply interesting facts of how they carted white labour grown vegetables to the doors of White Australian advocates without effecting business, while the Celestials were selling baskets full and cartloads to the same premises. There are few consistent people, but they constitute the minority, and they are not the people either who are yelling about the enormity of having given employment to Hindoos.
12Apr10: L to E by Henry Parry of Eastwood. The genuine Bill Sykes, provided he abstains from violence in the pursuit of his calling, is a perfect gentleman compared with the two whose guilty careers have for a time been checked???
13Apr10: Election results. Greene wins. But Fisher and Labour win election over Deakin and Libs.
14Apr10: The Hindoo Settlers Question. Parramatta. There is absolutely no danger of Hindoos getting landed property in this state. The whole is a dog’s cry the Labour Party are trying to raise against us. Voice: You can’t deny it happened. Garland: There are three places on the Richmond where it happened…
27Apr10: Branch of Labour League formed Lismore with Ald Lockett as President.
27Apr10: As Others See You. L to E by Mahomet Aalum of North Lismore. Held over during election campaign?. With your permission I will give a few of my impressions on the customs of the Christian people as they appear to me. One thing very noticeable is the great aversion that is shown to coloured people; yet the same people say they love Jesus. Now Jesus was born of the Virgin Mary, and it must be acknowledged that she was not a white woman…..
27Apr10: The Case of the Hindoos. L to E by Prem Singh of Invercauld. Written on 25Mar and not published during campaign. ….Replying to a question asked by one of the semi-civilized at Grafton, as it was reported in your paper recently, the Honourable Mr Wade, our worthy Premier of the State of NSW, had no hesitation in declaring that the Hindoos, as British subjects, could not be debarred from settling upon the dusty and inhospitable land of Australia. This official statement, made by a leading, responsible man of the State of NSW, must have surely thwarted the evil designs of some of those newspapers and others who are of late indulging and advocating some very mischievous sentiments, which may, as we are afraid, seriously affect our just cause in this so-called ‘White Australia’. … We, the Hindoos, tender our sincere thanks to the Honourable Mr Wade for his sense of Justice and impartiality, and we reply that he may be trusted to administer justice to all the black and white subjects of the King in this part of the Empire. …..
28Apr10: Mahomet Aalum’s Impressions. L to E by W. L. Browne of Magellan St. …. He says one thing very noticeable is the great aversion to coloured people. No wonder. Why, here in the heart of town I can give you instances where a lady has been insulted, not once, but three or four times, by one of these filthy, dirty Hindoos, and can also quote of other ladies having to give up business on the south side through being molested by them.
No wonder Aalum got a brick at his head. If I had been about when one lady was insulted, he would have had something more than a brick. Aalum talks about Jesus and the Virgin Mary being blackfellows. Christian people even from that alone can come to the conclusion whether Aalum ought to be in Callum Park or at large.
And in conclusion, I beg to inform Aalum and his comrades that they are forced British subjects and will be forced to obey British laws, and the less they say about Christians the better for themselves…
28Apr10: Alli Sheer v. T.W. Green. Money due brushing contract.
29Apr10: Mahon Deen. Land Board Confirms 6 acres Terania.
29Apr10: A Hindoo Squabble. Lively times at Bexhill. Probably Muslim v. Sikh
30 Apr10: Final Election Results. Pyers, independent Labour romps home Casino. Gillies, endorsed labour, wins Deepwater and Pyers wins Drake and Tentefield. Greene wins all other sub divisions.

4May10: The Hindoo Squabbles. Bexhill. L to E by Nongquai of Lismore and earlier South Africa. Complains that correspondent/reporter got the story wrong.
4May10: L to E from Mahomet Aalun. From Kabul in Afghanistan and not a Hindoo. Reply to Browne: The last argument of a beaten man is personal abuse.
10May10: L to E by Eoin L. E. Nixon of Alstonville re As Others See Us. Was in India. Had charge of a shore gang of 150 men Bombay. Found them ‘lazy in the extreme, and would rob you blind’ etc. He should take up his residence either at Gladesville or Callam Park where I’m sure he would be treated with every kindness and consideration.
11May10: As Others See Us. L to E by Browne. Aalum, old man, if you are not satisfied with us, go back to your own beautiful (?) country.
12May10: Alleged Assault Bexhill. Tagha Singh, Billy Nerungah, Rhoda Singh (labourer of Rosebank), Bishan Singh (labourer of Bangalow), Sahail Singh. Charlie Hahnarn, Battana, Jack Mootee, Heira Singh, Tom Urallah, Rallah, Moltee, Heara Singh. 15 to 20 Hindoos.
12May10: Batta Singh drunk.
14May10: L to E Aalum reply to Nixon. I must come to the conclusion that he has been treated kindly at Gladesville and Callam Park
17May10: Hindoo Affray at Bexhill. Heavy Fines and sureties. Charie Hahnara, Buttana (labourer of Eureka), Mudee Ram, Urallah Jeram.
19May10: The Bexhill Affray. Herai Singh and Tommy Urallah.
23May10: Charles Spillane v. Joseph Bracks, store keeper of Nth Lis. Breach of warranty. Assad Joseph, hawker of Nth Lis ? Benedict Julian, employee of Bracks
24may10: Mohammedans Fined. Asham Khan, labourer of Woodlawn and Mowna Khan, living Abdullah’s (Syrian) boarding house Nth Lis.
28May10: The Black man’s Mind. What is at the Back of It.
28May10: Hospital Collections from Indians.  … Mr Crowley… has now, apparently, carried home to them the lesson that they are in duty bound to help support their own sick, and also made their leaders understand that if they desire to be regarded with any feelings of respect and toleration by the better elements of our people, they must ‘play the game’ by behaving like men. … So far the Hindoos are in the lead;- Mohammedan contributios in February last- Shajawal Khan £1, Amir Khan 10/-, Imoos Khan 10/-, Migeed Khan 10/-, Rahmut Khan £1, Yakut Shar 10/-, Shar Mahomed 10/-, Dowlet Khan 10/-, Hasham Khan 10/-, Langeer Khan £1, Nawab Khan 10/-, Gulam Rasul Khan 10/-, Kamat Dam 10/-, Mahomet Anlum, £1, Khalika Daad, £1, Abdul Hamid 10/-, Suba Khan £1, Freed Bux 10/-, Haman Rayeem 10/-, Kans Khan 10/-, Mola Bux 10/-, Mirhan 10/-, Nuthoo 5/-, Mahomed Bux 10/-, Duffa Duar 5/-, Amom Deen 5/6, Rhanja 10/-, Huboo Tailey 10/-, Shahab Deen 10/-, Total £16/15/6.
Hindoos and Sikhs contribution last Saturday:- Utcher Singh £2/10/-, Shaal Singh £1, Etcher Singh £2/10/-, Indur Singh £1/10/-, Roham Box £1/10/-, Nunder £1/10/-, Panhur £1/10/-, Sanbar £1/10/-, Gunga £1/10/-, Rham Singh 10/-, Mehar £1, Hejarah Singh £1, Dickie Armahim Singh £1, Tucka Singh 10/-, Uthroo 5/-, Sunday £1, Ameer Singh 2/-, Total £20/7/-.
30May10: Donation to Hospital by Hindoos. Additional sums. Atta Singh 15/-, Atta Singh 5/-, Dabia £2, Buttah Singh £1, Phaal Singh has intimated to the President that for every £10 the Mahommedans contribute he is prepared to collect £15 from his Hindoo friends.
31May10: Indian Subscriptions to the Hospital. The Sikhs are still going strong in giving the monetary help. George Harnan Singh £1, George Booka Singh £1, Gurabihan Singh £1, Hali Singh £1. Total of about £27 during last 10 days from Sikhs and Hindoos. The Mahommetans contributions so far told £16/15/-. Between the two the contributions make a very respectable sum, which will be supplemented by an equal amount from the Govt.
7Jun10: White Australians and Hindoos. L to E by Prem Singh of Invercauld. Speaking before the Theosophical Society (consisting of many prominent Indian and European representatives) at Banares, in India, Mr Hunt, of White Australia, who has been sent there with a special mission to pick up the disabled white men and to fetch them out here in order to add them to the list of those who are yoked up to the undesirable policy of White Australia, regretted to say that our ‘white Australia’ politicians had unfairly shut their country’s doors against our Indian brothers. The cause was, he aid, that they unhappily lacked a sense of humanity and equality of mankind…. Our long experience, too, in Australia strongly supports Mr Hunt’s statement that the so-called white Australians do certainly lack those high and lofty human ideals and feelings which characterise the dignity and integrity of people of the British race. They have unjustly and wilfully passed such inhuman and undesirable acts as to rouse the indignation of the coloured people of Asia; and also they have, with wilful pride and self conceit, declared without any human feelings a special political crusade against their own Indian brothers….
9Jun10: Donations to the Hospital. His Majesty’s Sikh subjects (Hindoos) of Lismore, whose names are undermentioned, have left at this office the following donations of one pound each to the Lismore Hospital:- Charlie Khan Singh, Indur Singh, Dewa Singh, Lega Singh, Sher Singh, Bhagwan Singh, Lsar Singh, Rallah, Basant Singh, Amar Singh, Sheroo, Gurditta, of Bangalow, Gulsarn Singh, Rallah, Soma and Prem Singh. Prem Singh states this makes about £44 the Sikhs have given to the Hospital this year.
10Jun10: B. Khan, C Karmehan, G B Khan, T Ralla, S Singh, G R Singh apply for blocks Whian Whian. Missed out.

2Jul10: 35^th anniversary of Northern Star. 20,000 copies daily – double 3yrs ago went went to a daily. Pop of Richmond –Tweed = 57,180, = increase of 4982 for year.
6Jul10: The Rights of the Hindoo. As Against White Settlers. White Men Must Have Priority. Daily Telegraph reporting Moore on Nielsen. + comment by Hindmarsh, MLA Rous…Minister of Lands in Legislative Assembly…. I heard only portion of Mr Nielsen’s remarks on the subject, but I understand he contended that the rights of Hindoos in such cases could be defined and restricted by a simple regulation.  The matter is not so simple….. But, as I shall show, there is really no need to attempt any special legislation, all necessary power being now vested in the local land boards, upon whom devolves the duty of wisely discriminating between conflicting applicants for Crown lands….
It will be remembered that some time last year one of the land boards on the Northern Rivers allowed a Hindoo to go to a ballot with some 90 white applicants, the Hindoo, as it happened, drawing the lucky marble. As an outcome of the case I wrote a minute, a copy of which was forwarded to the land board concerned. I might quote from that minute the following passages.
The question is: Whether this Hindoo’s application had equal claims to priority with those of some 90 white applicants who were sent to the ballot with him? Assuming that if not all, some of these applicants would be fair types of the class of men who are building up our great rural industries (and whose settlement in the lands of the country in ever increasing numbers is a matter of vital national concern) I would think – that their qualifications to satisfactorily occupy and develop the land – in other words to prove worthy settlers – would be superior to those of the Hindoo and that therefore their application would not have equal claim to priority with theirs.
The Hindoo’s right may be summed up in two sentences. He is entitled to acquire a holding under the Crown Lands Act, but he is not entitled to elbow out a better settler. ……….
I then referred the matter to the Solicitor-General for an authoritative advising. He advised:
That the land board is entitled in coming to a determination to take into account every circumstance that might reasonably be determined to militate against the general suitability of an applicant. That the applicant is of a coloured race, that his habits and standards of living and of morals differ from those of the white population amongst whom he proposes to reside; that his desire to permanently occupy the land might be open to question, are circumstances which, in my opinion, the board not only may, but ought to take into consideration in coming to a determination on the claims of priority of rival applicants and which, other things being reasonably equitable, ought enable the board…….
7Jul10: Joseph Bracks. Clearing sale of all stock Channon Store.
13Jul10: The Sikh Religion. L to E by Prem Singh. For the Spiritual enlightenment of our ‘white Australian’ Aryan Saxon brothers of Lismore and District….
13Jul10: Land Ballots and Hindoos. From Hansard. Mr Nielsen, speaking in the Assembly on the Address-in-Reply, said:- Another matter I wish to refer to is the matter of land ballots. :- Sometime ago three Hindoos obtained land up on the Northern Rivers. A land ballot took place there and these Hindoos were allowed to ballot, with the result that they obtained land, while there were thousands of  white people wanting land in New South Wales. Shortly after this occurred, the Premier went up to the northern rivers. The people there asked him about the matter, and he said he could not prevent it – that the land board were solely responsible in such matters….. The Hon Member (Wade) may know more than I do, but he construes the law to suit his own case… I just want to read a certificate of character which the Premier has obtained from a resident of the Northern Rivers. Prem Singh writing to the ‘Northern Star’ on the case of the Hindoo says. (Letter read to the House by Mr Neilsen)  This is the gentleman, Mr Prem Singh, from whom the Premier gets a certificate of character. I do not think that certificate will do the Premier much good, especially as far as the northern rivers district is concerned. I venture to say that the members representing those northern constituents dare not say that they are in favour of Mr Prem Singh getting any land on the rivers…..
Various interjections…
Mr Neilsen:- The board has not the power to discriminate now, because the Government has failed to make the necessary legislation.
Mr Wood:- You want to do that on the skin colour!
Mr Nielsen:- I am a white Australian all the time, and I will never be a party to any member of the coloured races securing land in New South Wales while a white Australian wants land. It is a matter of colour with me right enough.
14Jul10: Bindoo, share farmer with James Cusack at Woodlawn sues A.W. Keevers for illegally impounding horse.
16Jul10: Guru Nanak’s Teachings. L to E by Prem Singh. Prepared to lend his six volume set of books to any ‘European Gentlemen’.
23Jul10: Hindoo’s Dying Deposition. Adjura in Lismore base Hospital for a month with serious injuries gives source of injuries.
25Jul10: The Alien’s Act. Jack Johnson, the coloured pugilist, had been received with open arms in Australia. Why. Question to Prime Minister.
26Jul10: Mr Nielsen and the Hindoos. L to E by Prem Singh of Invercauld. Speaking in the Legislative Assembly on the Address-in-Reply, as it appeared in your paper of 18^th July, from ‘Hansard’, a newly political upstart, White Australian Nielsen, in order to satisfy his own mean and selfish desires, used some very offensive language and intolerant language against our personal interests, rights, and privileges as regards lands, and also he illegally and unlawfully pressed on the Hon Mr Wade, our worthy State Premier, to frame a regulation in ten minutes to debar the Hindoos from getting land. Such political differences and expressions of opinions, we remind our well-wishes of the Empire, have already caused considerable ill-feeling and general dissatisfaction in India, which have, unfortunately, led to serious political conflicts between the ruled and the rulers, in which many prominent Indian and European lives have been lost. Poor old England, who seems to be weak and powerless to interfere in the present colonial affairs, has already suffered considerably, and will yet in due time have to suffer for the political sins and acts of such mischievous persons like Nielsen and Co who are inwardly and the bitterest political enemies of England, and who deserve owing to their evil intentions, hanging from the lamp-post   …. In a similar way, we here today notice the same sort of evil intentions (as the Moguls held over the Indians) practised against the politically fallen Indians, who, by right, deserve due justice and impartially as being a unit of the great and noble Empire over which the sun never sets, and whose proud boast it is that all her subjects, irrespective of creed, caste, or colour, enjoy equal rights and privileges granted by the State Constitutions. But such mischievous and evil minded persons of the Niesen type have now wilfully begun to undermine the very foundations of that noble Empire, which may, as Guru forbid, dwindle down to its final destruction. In conclusion, I trust that our enlightened House of Parliament will not diverge from the fundamental principles of British justice and impartiality, and they must, by force of character, kick Nielsen and Co out of the House to avoid further trouble, and also at the same time we feel confident that the people of India will now, in return, wake to their senses and pay due attention to these dangerous utterances, and will now heartily and warmly support the Indian National Extremist Party in their just cause to crush the white man’s political supremacy in the East. …

4Aug10: Bob Abdullah and Duleep Singh drunk. Nawab Khan v. Harman Sinh and cross charge over debt.
11Aug10: Larrikins again. (25Jul10: Undesirables at Horse Races.)
20Aug10: The Rush For Land. The Goonibar Blocks. 21 blocks. 626 applications. Largest number of apps since scramble for Boat Harbour land in 1908. Over 20 Hindoos. All excluded from ballot. No reason. ‘Great satisfaction was expressed at the exclusion of the Hindoos who had this land spotted out for sometime. Near Uki.
Mrs Teresa A. Watt v. Khowan Khan, a Hindoo,… rent and rations.
6Sep10: Land Balloting. L to E by Prem Singh.  The wholesale exclusion of the Hindoos from balloting on the Tweed farms has caused an utter disappointment and general dissatisfaction among all the Indians as regards the expected miscarriage of British justice and impartiality . Though there were many Indians among those who applied for these farms, who were quite fit and desirable persons, and had sufficient money in their possession to clear the farms, but, alas, they too have been disappointed all alike, and their hopes for future development had been unfairly frustrated. This is the first time in the history of NSW that such a wholesale exclusion had ever been suggested; this is the first unhappy time that an idea of discrimination had ever before been conceived by any previous court of justice which nobly uphold its just, impartial dignity and prestige independently of public sentiment. But all that has been done is mainly due to those mischievous anti-Indian, speaking or writing, and also to the resolutions passed and carried unanimously by our local selfish and black-hearted white Australian politicians of the Lismore Municipal Council, who ultimately had succeeded in influencing the Land Court for the unjust exclusion of the Hindoou from balloting for the lands. Is this the British justice that His Majesty’s Indian subjects have been refused even land settlement in Australia?  Is this the boasted British justice of our white fellow creatures that they could unjustly and wilfully forfeit to their black people, who are at their mercy, all the State rights equally granted by the old code of that justice? We beg to ask that Land Board who sat for the disposal of these blocks were they justified, in order to please the selfish and black-hearted white Australian on one side, and to displease and utterly disappoint the Indian public on the other side, in effecting the wholesale exclusion of the Hindoos from balloting? Could not they find any of the twenty Indian applicants fit and desirable persons to ballot; and also did they carefully look over the decisions of the previous Land Boards, who frankly and graciously favoured the Indians ….without any idea of colour distinction?….
13Sep10: Sikh Religion – Gurn Nanak’s Teachings. L to E by Prem Singh of Invercauld. For the spiritual enlightenment of our white Aryan Saxon brothers of Lismore.
13Sep10: State Elections. Meetings Lismore
20Sep10: Sikhism. Divine Service by Guru Nana. Prem Singh….. Though politically fallen and degraded and at present at the mercy of, and also are unjustly and wilfully ill-treated by our selfish and black hearted white Australian politicians, but still we can prove to them that we are, as a coloured people, far superior to them in the way of spiritual and intellectual wisdom…..

15Oct10: Land Ballots. Exclusion of Hindoos. L to E by Prem Singh. The exclusion of the Hindoos from balloting on the Tweed farms was an unjust act of wilful miscarriage of much boasted British justice and impartiality, chiefly caused by the evil intentions of our local and Parliamentary selfish and black-hearted white Australian politicians whose evil actions will, as we feel sure, ruin in due time the political happiness of this never will be white Australia…Published a couple of days after elections.
15Oct10: State election results. All north coast Lib members retain seats. Libs win Rous, mainly by picking up rural vote, but defeated by Labour in Lismore and  Murbah Sub divs.
After the Battle…. Hindmarsh and Taylor declare poll in front of Lismore PO and address crowd: Mr Hindmarsh, who was greeted with mixed cheers and groans, said…. He thought the decision should satisfy the Labour party that they were not wanted here. (Cries of ‘You’ll see next time’. With cheers and disorder.) ….Some of the labour supporters conduct however, surpassed him that day. They always preached a White Australia, yet he saw some of them getting black men into cabs to take them to the poll. He thought all would admit that the Liberal party was consistent. What the Labour supporters had been doing that day reflected no credit on their party….. 
17Oct10: Election figures.
17Oct10: Sikhism. Prem Singh continues
19Oct10:Sikhism again. Prem Singh…Kindly allow me space for the spiritual enlightenment of the selfish white Australians.
22Oct10: Mahomet Aalum v. Alex Gilmore Robertson for unlawful seizure of goods. Took six boxes of stuff from Aalum’s Nth Lis store valued at £300. Question by lawyer about who writes his stuff to paper. Jim Abdullah, a Mahomedan, boarding house keeper next to Aalum’s store.
23Oct10: Verdict for Robertson. Mahomet Aalum, age 32, to be prosecuted for perjury.
29Oct10: L to E Prem Singh. The wholesale exclusion of the Hindoos from balloting on the Tweed farms was an unjust act of wilful miscarriage of British justice and impartiality, which caused by the evil intentions of our local and Parliamentary selfish and black hearted white Australian politicians, whose evil actions, as we feel confident, will in due time cause the ultimate destruction of the so-called Christian Commonwealth, whose days of damnation are approaching nearer and nearer every day.
We want to further ask that particular Land Board who sat for the disposal of the farms above referred to: Were they justified in exercising all their discretionary powers against the Hindoos only? Were they not vowed to do justice, even though the Heavens fall? Were not the British Indians favoured by the previous Land Courts, … and also were not the British Indians, as residents within the Commonwealth, entitled to all the State rights and privileges granted by State constitutions? and also were they not provided with a regulation or law passed by our selfish and black hearted Parliamentary white Australian politicians and endorsed and guaranteed by our great and noble John Bull’s thumb impression on the back thereof for the wholesale exclusion of the Hindoos from balloting? These are our just remonstrances, to which that unjust and wilful Land Court must furnish reasonable explanations.

1Nov10: Alleged Perjury. Mahomet Aalum Committed for Trial.
1Nov10: Hindoos and Land Ballots. L to E by ‘Ever Clean’. It would appear as if the moanings, lamentations, and vituperations of your correspondent Prem Singh against the Land Board, and Australians in general, are assuming such proportions as to constitute a libel on the gentlemen comprising the above board and Australians as a whole. As one who has resided in, and knows a little about India, its people, their customs, habits, it is, to say the least, amazing to find that these same people are even tolerated in this country. The Indian native in his own country is…a very humble individual… where whole families herd together in mud hovels… where the shops are nothing more than open mud built verandahs… where food and food stuffs are exposed to all dirt and filth… where the streets are alive with beggars and lepers…  where the children are not even clothed with the proverbial fig leaf…. where the native is the white man’s slave, and to whose home he has no entry save as a servant, and then only barefooted as a mark of respect to his master….  If, then, the native is so far beneath the white man on his own country, does it not seem to be a piece of impertinence on his part to aspire to equality of conditions in a country to which he has no claim? To those who know, it is very amusing to read letters of this persistent Sikh gentleman, and men of his stamp would do well to return to India and try to improve the customs, habits, morals, etc, of his brothers there. When he has succeeded in lifting them to the same level as the Europeans resident in India, then and only then can Mr P. Singh hope for a hearing on behalf of his fellow countrymen in Australia. Letters such as have appeared in the ‘Northern Star’ from the pen of this individual would never be accepted by the British Press in India, and if published by the native Press, they would in all probability be treated as seditious. I would add that I do not intend this as a reply to Prem Singh, nor do I intend to enter into any discussion with him, and the information contained in this is more for the enlightenment of employers of this class of labour who have treated them not wisely but too well…
10Nov10: L to E from Prem Singh. A writer who shields himself behind the artificial name of ‘Ever Clean’… and gives him a serve, throwing his own words back at him, telling him to go clean up the slums of England and Australia and on and on, … and after he has done so he should have come back to his own country to improve the customs, habits, morals, etc, of his own very low and degraded white loafer of Australia who roam about the country begging from door to door….
12Nov10: Shagawal Khan 552 acres Boorabee. Hajara, a Hindoo, v. Alice Flaherty. Not paid for brushing contract. Prem Singh interpreter. Joe Pallali carter. Roor Singh.
16Nov10: Hindoos and Land Settement. L to E by ‘White Australia’. … ‘Ever Clean’ in his letter, shows an accurate and intimate knowledge of the morals and customs of India regarding which I can heartily endorse every word he says. Now for Prem Singh’s last epistle. First of all, ‘Ever Clean’ acted wisely in shielding himself behind an artificial name, considering the ways and means the fanatical sons of India employ to avenge themselves on their enemies. …everyone who ever went to school learnt of the indescribable chaos and wretched condition the country was always in prior to its occupation by the British. ….Were they not so amusing, ….his words …would be more than sufficient to prompt any true-hearted Australian, with a spark of patriotism in him, to make their grossly impertinent coloured alien wish he had never written half he has done…. Wanton acts of cruelty such as above mentioned (the mutiny of 1857) are what might be looked forward to in the future of any country where these despicable wretches are allowed to gain a foothold, as they breed at a rate almost incredible to Europeans. It is certainly not much of an attraction to legitimate immigrants to know that on arrival in ‘White Australia’ they may have to give way to Indians in their efforts to secure land. In conclusion I appeal to those with literary tastes and abilities to take up the cudgel for a clean and white Australia…. I can quite understand ‘Ever Clean’ deeming it below his dignity to enter into a controversy with an Indian, but the stubborn fact that such people ….
16Nov10: Hindoos and the Land ballot. L to E by ‘Ever Clean’…. Firstly I never insinuated anything, to the contrary, to the slums and the poor both in England and Australia, and I can assure Mr P. Singh that before I think of leaving this country for a land and people superior to it. ….If as Mr Prem Singh says, the Hindoo in Australia represent, or rather, are the exalted representatives of these four varans (Hindoos, Sikhs, Rajputs and Pathans), then I am certain a discerning public cannot fail to accept my statement of facts, and I may add that the chances of Hindoos at land ballots are doomed and doubly doomed by a Labour Government…..
19Nov10: Mahon Deen 266 acres Terania. Ocp to cpi.
21Nov10: Barring Hindoos. The All-India Moslem League…. The league says that, while complete freedom of immigration is beyond practical politics, the removal of the offensive racial bar is essential. The grant of passports would do little to mitigate the bitterness which has been created…
22Nov10: A Hindoo Case. Meer Khan v. Ramah Khan and vice versa. Mullah v. Ramah Khan.
23Nov10: Coloured Men in Land ballots. Report on intention of new Minister for lands, Mr Neilsen to introduce legislation to debar Asiatics and other coloured people not natives of Australia from securing land so long as any white applicant is available…. Under the administration of the Lands Department by Mr Moore the question of allowing Asiatics and other coloured people to take part in in ballots for Crown Lands became an acute one in some North Coast districts. Mr Moore had corresponded with local land boards on the subject…. The members of at least one Land Board took up the position that the Minister should issue a regulation on the subject, and in effect protested against the duty of excluding Asiatics being passed on to them. … The earlier Minister, Moore, had obtained advice from the Attorney General that no legislation was necessary as he boards had they power to exclude any unsuitable person and the Asiatics were clearly unsuitable.
30Nov10: White Australia. L to E by W. Howard-Holland.  I was wondering if a large percentage of your citizens were opposed to the White Australia policy. Judging by the patronage extended to the local coloured residents one would naturally conclude it was so. …. Howard Holland was a quack who ran the Hydropathic Institute next to the Masonic Hall in Magellan St

6Dec10: Licenses granted to 15 Hawkers, mostly Syrian.
14Dec10: Hindoos and Land ballots. L to E by Prem Singh. We were from the start – as we remind ie general public – making comments on the exclusion of the Hindoos from balloting on the Tweed farms, without any interference with the Europeans, their customs, habits, morals, etc; but in the meantime a writer, ‘Ever Clean’, who has retired on the 16^th November, after faithfully serving his country’s course against the poor and unfortunate British Indians, stepped in and wilfully forced us into this sort of discussion, which we naturally hate and despise. Now, in a similar way, another writer ‘White Australia’, has wilfully made wrong misrepresentations about the Indians, without having any practical knowledge…. We now remind this new ‘White Australia’ not to interfere with us any further, otherwise our deadly pen shots, which are happily adorned with the love of truth, patience and forgiveness, will never fail to hit on the right mark in our present defensive target practice. Points out that the Indian mutiny and subsequent atrocities were by sepoys and not the Sikhs, the compatriots of Prem Singh, who nobly fought shoulder to shoulder with the British troops. … In conclusion, we naturally consider it beneath our exalted dignity of Sikhism a fountain of nectareous water, to enter into controversy with persons like ‘White Australia’ and Co whose presence, we feel wonder, is even tolerated in this never-will-be White Australia. … We further remind Mr White Australia that the warlike Sikhs, whose brothers are hated and looked down upon in the country and whom he wilfully treats with great indignity and disrespect, will be the only people on earth who will stand to loyal to the British people in time of any future war. In conclusion, we set ‘Mr White Australia’ at liberty to send this letter to his big white brother, John Bull, to ask him as to the truthfulness contained in this letter….
15Dec10: Shajawal Khan. Land board confirms conversion of portion of 552 acres at Boorabee from cp to hs. Residence terminates 12/8/13.
15Dec10. Heathen Dairymen. L to E by James Grathan.  Rev Woodhouse says the way in which they treat their children the north coast dairy farmers must be classed as heathen. Thereafter flurry of letters on child slavery, and lack of education, on dairy farms for six months.
20Dec10: Sikhism. Prem Singh
22Dec10: Coloured Aliens and the Land. Report on Minister for Lands new legislation. Mr Neilsen hoped to achieve this without creating any international complications, but he now states that the matter is receiving further consideration, difficulties relating to the construction of the proposed regulation having so far interfered with its gazettal, and consequent endorsement as law.
29Dec10: Hindoos and Land. L to E by Prem Singh….. and at the same time this selfish Neilsen admitted that the Land Board has not the power to discriminate now, because the Government has failed to make the necessary regulation. Now, how could that unjust and wilful land board be held justified in wholesale excluding the Hindoos from balloting on the Tweed farms without having in their possession any regulation or law passed by our selfish and black hearted white Australian politicians … These are our just remonstrances which we submit to our so-called civilised and enlightened White Australian public for their special consideration.
31Dec10: Hindoos and Land. L to E by Hugh Howard-Holland. ….Colour, of itself, is not a serious obstacle, but, alas, the blending of white and black results in a sombre, sad, sickly, and a bleak outlook. …Then there is the utter impossibility of intermarrying, though some depraved white women have fallen….. You are a bit premature in blaming Nielsen, he has not done one-tenth yet what he has to do, and it is the power that is behind him that has done the little he has. You would make a lovely firebrand if you were at home, Prem, but did it ever strike you as strange that the physician as a rule never takes his own physics? Take some of that xxiv-vi in the issue of the 29^th inst., and the next time Nielsen crosses your troubled brain, hold that bewitching headgear of yours under an active hydrant for two minutes, replace, and think what the Guru Nanak says about brotherly love.

1911 NS
2Jan11. Mr Maxwell’s Warning. L to E by Hugh Howard Holland. Again I am constrained to address my fellow-countrymen through the medium of your paper on that most serious question, the preservation of our country and nation from that most terrible of calamities – an alien invasion. …. I say you are feeding with your hand – and as sure as day succeeds night – that hand will be bitten in the day of your greatest tribulation. You fellow-countrymen who patronise the alien are harbouring the very men who will betray us, and are now spying on us. You, I say, are deliberately preparing the shambles for your sons and the most awful and nameless tortures for your sisters and daughters. Be not deceived, history has oft repeated itself. Every Asiatic in the community will rise in one night at a given movement, and you will then find the conflagration beyond your power of stemming. And the tears of blood will inscribe on your pallid cheeks the signs of starched shirts and shoddy draperies. Yes, this is no exaggeration. Nemesis will surely overtake you. But alas, the innocent will have to suffer with the guilty. Those lawn flounces Japanised will never be worn again in the harem of the portly tyrant.  Verse ‘Arise’.
6Jan11: Facts and Fancies about Immigration. Editorial.
18Jan11: Sikhism. Prem Singh.
18Jan11: Bangalow Herald for sale. 3yrs old. D. Millar proprietor and editor.
25Jan11: Sikhism. Prem Singh
26Jan11: The White Man’s Heritage. Hague and Mason
28Jan11: Sikhism. Prem Singh.
30Jan11: L to E Prem Singh. … We most respectfully beg of the Lismore Hospital secretary to inform us…. How much money was received from the Sikhs only (well known as Hindoos) in 1910. Hospital had published: 10/- or more from Assad Joseph, William Bouckilled, Joseph Bracks, Nadjuh Hillway, Salim Anthony, A. Dean, Michael Aboody.
31Jan11: A Hindoo named Minchie, drunk. Butta Singh, another Hindoo, drunk.

4Feb11: Sikhism. Prem Singh
7Feb11: W. Bouckalil v. Billy Baloo
8Feb11: A Hindoo Cremated. Sunda hit by train Myocum. Cremated under supervision of local police. Pyre prepared by Adjara Singh and Harman Singh on Wyrallah Road. Prem Singh read part of service and another part by a Hindoo doctor.
11Feb11: L to E by Prem Singh. Quoting a Lismoreite serving in India giving favourable reports on the Sikh regiments. Also Sikhism letter.
14Feb11: The Indian Remains. Sunda’s teeth sent to India. The Myocum Accident. Inquest on Sunda Phagat. Due to depart for India.
25Feb11: Sikhism. Prem Singh
27Feb11: The Missionary in India. Talk given in Lismore.
1Mar11: Anthony Pashynsky L to E.
3Mar11: Rural workers unions on farms. Letters start. Main reason Richmond did not vote labour.
13Mar11: Tommy Rallah v. E.A. White. Money due promissory note. Harnam Singh v. Ram Singh. Claim for goods sold. Saram Singh and Hajarah Singh witnesses.  Ram Singh boarding house keeper Nth Lis.
14Mar11: Mahomet Aalum. Perjury case. Jury discharged. Couldn’t agree.
22Mar11: A Cool Headed Nigger – Mason & Hague.  (About this time D. Mason bought freehold and could be responsible for kicking out Comino to Molesworth. Two new brick buildings completed 1915. On 13Sep16 Tobacconist W.H. Pierce moved into last shop, east of Mason & Hague… The shop is one of the fine block of new buildings recently completed for Mr. D. Mason, all of which are now tenanted by Britishers.’
25Mar11: Sukhmani Sikhism. Article. Now got his own regular column. Not L to E. Prem Singh’s name absent. To be continued.
31Mar11: Indians and the Census. L to E by George Harnam Singh. I, on behalf of the Sikhs of the Lismore district, humbly and most respectfully beg our most kind European employers to kindly do us a favour to write down our Indian brothers (who are well known as Hindus) as Sikhs and their religion (Sikh religion) in the census cards on next Sunday night.

1Apr11: Sukhmani – Divine Services by Guru Nanak. Signed Prem Singh but still an article not L to E.
3Apr11: Northern Star Stats. ‘8 page daily’. Most widely circulated paper on the north coast.
4Apr11: Davy Ditta (Sikh) sued George Bookan Singh (Sikh) for assault. Nawab Khan (Mohometan), Arre Singi and Lee Loys (Chinese) witnesses.
7Apr11: The Harem Skirt. New craze Lismore.
8Apr11: Kalita Davdi of Lismore. Special lease of 72acres Tunstall.
15Apr11: Sukhmani – Sikhism. Another article but signed by Prem Singh.
19Apr11. Black v. White. Boxing.
22Apr11: Sukhmani article again. To be continued.
26Apr11:  Hindoos and Land Ballots. ‘Ballina Beacon’ publishes the following in the Editorial column: Within easy memory is the indignation roused by the success of Hindoos in the ballots for Crown lands opened to selection, and the advice tendered by the member for Raleigh, generally admitted to rank first in the House, as the possessor of requisite knowledge of matters connected with and necessary to effective land legislation. Mr Briner drew attention to powers that could be exercised by land boards for the exclusion of undesirable settlers, but evidently his advice passed unheeded by the late Government. Now we learn that the present Minister for lands prepared a bill to deal with the subject, but found it necessary to submit it to the Imperial powers for their approval or otherwise.
Such course is perchance necessary, but delay incurred suggests the question – Why was action not taken immediately upon the first sign of the evil? It must not be forgotten that amongst the teeming population of India seething discontent and misery prevail, and efforts have already been made to transport five shiploads of Mohammadans and Sikhs to California. Who knows how soon Australia may be invaded by an influx of Hindoos and other castes of the worst class?
27Apr11: Building Boom. Beautification – still no trees.

11May11: Saafam Bracks. Dealer of Nth Lis. Kept a shop with brother.
12May11: Hospital donations totalling £27/10/- from Paul Singh, Jack Indier Singh, Escher Singh, Ponna Singh, Rolla, Karam Khan, Delih Singh, Dett, Davia, Joalla, Bottom Singh, Porga, Utcher Singh, Sohabil Singh, Partap Singh, Yarra Singh (seed merchant) Charlie Bishna, Larry Gorbutchen Singh, Gull Saram Singh, Takehaw Dulep Singh, Genietar, Ram Borx, Charlie Nundle, Hudrea, Najar Singh, Jimmy Inder Singh, Tommy Naram Singh, Barbe, Breham Singh (seed merchant).  Paul Singh asks that any person seeing this notice and having India men working for them will kindly request them to send along a donation for the hospital to him. Signed C.E. Taylor, Sec. [The Secretary of the Lismore District Hospital desires to THANK the undersigned gentlemen of the Punjaub Sikh Party….] Is Paul aka Prem?
12May11: Small Debts Court. Sunda v. Money Singh.
12May11: Banish the Hindoo. L to E by C.S.W. (probably C.S.Woodward of Mullum who has lots of Letters and is a very strong Labourite.) During the past week or two my attention has been drawn to a statement in the press referring to a young woman, and also to the statement that the mother of the girl lived with a Hindoo, one comes to the conclusion that, for Australia’s sake, the Hindoo should be banished. Now, there are certain persons who object to the idea, and particularly one of the Hindoo leaders of Lismore, and they say why banish the poor Hindoo? Well, Sir, it must be admitted that the Hindoo is a British subject, and it must also be admitted on the other hand that he is mentally and physically and morally below the average European citizen. Why should we banish him? Firstly he is of no value to our country. He competes with the white man in works, and often does him out of a job, doing in several cases the work cheaper than a white man, and living on the smell of an oil rag. The money he earns is sent to India. Secondly, he’s a rough sort of fellow, uneducated; in fact he is often more like a beast than a man. What good does he do to the community? Then, thirdly, he often intermarries with white women, and the children grow up half caste, neither side caring for them, and I for one consider it a fact that it is the final step that a poor fallen woman can take to unite herself in matrimony to a Hindoo. When on the Tweed a few months ago I was informed by a police officer that the Kanaka was far superior to the Hindoo, and that the Hindoo was the worst of all Asiatics. On another occasion a storekeeper remarked to me ‘When a Kanaka comes into town he is decently dressed and is a gentleman beside the Hindoo. And yet Kanaka’s have been sent home, why not the Hindoo. This affair in the Press is only one of the few cases we hear about, there are hundreds more and a large number of similar cases on the Tweed as this. Now, what remains to keep Australia white? Boycott the Hindoo above all Asiatics for Australia’s sake. Don’t give him any work to do, clear him right out and Australia will be a brighter, better, and happier country.
19May11: A. Allah. Drapery Terania St Nth Lis
20May11: Lots of letters on rural workers and women in dairies.
21May11: L to E by Prem Singh. Mr Neilson, the present land king of NSW before he obtained his present high position through his political tact and stratagem, and especially his attacks on the Indians, pressed the Hon Mr Wade, then Premier of the State of N.S. Wales, as it was reported in your paper on July last, to frame just a little regulation in ten minutes to debar these people (the Hindu, to whom owes the present increased prosperity of the Richmond River district) from settling on the to them dusty and inhospitable land of Australia. Now, since he has taken charge of the Lands Department, Mr Neisen has told his fellow white Australians various different yarns as regards his attitude against the Hindu settlement in this country. Sometime back he admitted that he could not debar Asiatics from settling through his fear of international complications. It is quite true, Mr Neilsen, that if you don’t alter your present policy of discrimination, and if you don’t, as a good white man, treat alike your fellow human creatures of God, to whom we are all equal, irrespective of caste, colour or creed, you will involve not only yourself, but ultimately the whole country in serious international complications, which may cause the forfeiture of the whole land of White Australia. We further publicly inform Mr Neilsen and other selfish white Australian politicians that we are ready to the bitter end to oppose and protest against any anti Indian land regulation or law proposed or conceived by them in this never will be White Australia. Poor fellow! We pay him, as he is much tormented by the cheeky Indians for a dusty piece of land for peaceful settlement.
22May11: Sikhism – Sukhmani. Article signed by Prem and dated 17/4/11.
23May11: Small Debts Court. Hindoo offers to do clearing work for £22, but farmer prefers to give job to a white man for £25. Got ripped off.
23May11: Norco stats.

3Jun11: Sikhism. Article. No name.
6Jun11: Nabob Khan and Alick Khan. Riotous behaviour Goolmangar. Charge withdrawn when evidence showed they were attacked by a bloke named Jones.
10Jun11: Sikhism. Article. No name.
14Jun11: Sahail Singh sued Harry Suffolk. 2 heifers detained. Sahail bought 206acre farm Nimbin 20mths ago with 10 cattle and 25 calfs for £450.   
17Jun11: Sikhism article
20Jun11: Sahail Singh v. E. Woolley
22Jun11: Editorial. Asiatic Immigration. A question of vital importance to Australia came up for discussion at the Imperial Conference early this week. It had a very direct bearing upon the policy of a ‘White Australia’ which was given effect to very shortly after the establishment of Federation, and still remains on our statute book without any probability of its repeal. … But besides Australia’s objection to Asiatic immigration upon economic grounds, there is the moral aspect of the question which has undoubtedly been the predominating factor in the introduction of its policy of Asiatic exclusion. It is a fact too well known that the standards of eastern morality are upon a far lower level than those of the white races of mankind and it would have been impossible to preserve the purity of our race in Australia if legislative enactments had not been passed with the avowed object of keeping Asiatics away from our shores. Otherwise comparatively little time would have elapsed before we found ourselves confronted by such a problem as it would have been difficult to solve. In the meantime our own race could not have escaped contamination to an extent more or less degrading in its effects, and we would have regretted that measures were not adopted at the very beginning of our national history to avert the consequences of our neglect. Fortunately, however, our statesmen had prescience of the danger and effectually legislated in the direction of its avoidance. This policy has the endorsement of the great bulk of the Australian people, and as already observed, its reversal is one of the most improbable things that is ever likely to happen. It is quite an easy matter for white people of different nationalities to assimilate in a new country which offers such unlimited facilities for settlement as Australia, but there is something odious even in the thought of an eastern element getting a foothold in the country to any greater extent than the existing law permits. Wisely, Australia has taken steps to prevent the creation of a colour problem, and any relaxation of the existing restrictions would be a great mistake. The Australians of today have not only to think of themselves in this matter, but of the generations that will come after them, and what would be the verdict of posterity if a yellow peril were bequeathed to them, as would assuredly be the case if the present policy of the country were abandoned or materially modified for the sake of placating eastern nations. People have only to reflect on the present position of the United States….
24Jun11: Sikhism article.
24Jun11: The Eurasians in India.

1Jul11: Northern Star anniversary. 23^rd year of control by present proprietor – Thomas Hewitt & Son. Sometimes son had editorial control while father away.. …It has been conducted free from the behests of any particular party or sect, and by a policy of the ‘fair go to all’ pattern…. 12pages. Largest daily outside Sydney and Newcastle in NSW.
8Jul11: Sikhism article.
10Jul11: The Great Indian Fakir. Fasola. Marquee opposite Post Office.
11Jul11: Indians Quarrel. A Sunday Night Row. Atta Singh charged Sahail and Dava Singh with assault. Cross charges. Joseph Brack’s boarding house Nth Lis. Atta had own boarding house. Mudgee Khan, Meherbahn, Ameer Khan, Mahomed Aalum, Brahen Singh, Hajarah Singh.
15Jul11: Charles Bishna false pretences.
20Jul11: Farm Leasing Case. Nabob Khan and Alick Deen. Esir Khan of Tintenbar v. Ameer Khan of Upper Hanging Rock. Hajarah Singh (had a farm of 200acres worth £7/acre), Sojur Khan, Geber Khan, Mahomet Khan, Mahommed Allum, Brahmaporu, Shar Mahomet.
21Jul11: Shar Mahommed (cattle dealer of Casino) v. Doulon. Breach of contract.
25Jul11: Charles Bishnr, a Hindoo. Stole/false pretences from Asman Allah, boarding house keeper of Nth Lis. Mudgee Khan, Sharan Khan, Mahomet Allum. Serah Khan, selector of Jiggi, Attah Singh
25Jul11: A Hindoo Row. Caniaba. Alick Deen beaten up by 4 other Hindoos.

1Aug11: F.J. McCann v. Nunda. Scrub felling claim.
2Aug11: A Sikh’s Farewell. Last Sunday Invercauld was the scene of a picnic, held under the auspices of Sardar Somar Singh, in honour of Prem Singh, who is leaving here shortly to return to India. Early in the morning while the sacred food was being prepared, Prem Singh began to read the sacred hymns of the JAPJI….. After enjoying the repast and other amusements, Sardar Hazara Singh, on behalf of his Sikh brothers, presented to Prem Singh an address expressing their deep sorrow for his departure, but at the same time wishing him a happy voyage and safe arrival at his destination. The address went on to say that the Sikhs owed him a debt of heartfelt gratitude for the way he had manfully with his ready tongue and pen repulsed the unjust attacks of ‘Ever Clean’, ‘White Australia’, etc., who had wilfully attempted to degrade and deprecate the mental, moral, and physical excellences of the Sikhs, and further eulogised the manner in which he (Prem Singh) had preached the Guru’s mission in this dark land of White Australia. In reply to the address, Prem Singh, who was received with much applause, thanked the audience very much for the respect and honour accorded him. …. Subsequently Prem Singh spoke briefly on the general politics of the day. He said that the Government policy of White Australia was absolutely an unjust and inhuman Act ever conceived by the previous Governments of Australia, and he hoped that the revival of Asia would sooner or later force and burst open the doors of White Australia for the Asiatic immigration. He further held that if Australia really desired to maintain her perpetual independence, she should embrace Sikh settlers from the Punjab to inherit the Northern Territory, for her future looks very gloomy as judged from the political point of view. Further, he was much pleased to inform them that John Bull, whose avaricious policy had ruined Indian social and political happiness, and rendered the country destitute, is beginning to learn better now. The patrician of Bengal, one of the many and serious blunders frequently committed by the so-called wise Government of the British race in its Indian administration, which has cost him (John Bull) so many precious human lives, might be, as it is rumoured in the Indian Press, rectified early in the next year, and thus by its abrogation further mutual  …. Prem Singh and his brother Sikhs with clasped hands prayed to the Almighty to save our most kindly European employers of the Richmond, and other families, and mercifully grant them divine bliss and celestial happiness and everlasting prosperity in recognition of the continual support they had afforded the Sikhs, notwithstanding the anti-Asiatic feelings prevalent in this so-called White Australia…..
2Aug11: The State of India. Unfavourable report on state of affairs in India.
2Aug11: Paul Singh donates lemons to hospital.
5Aug11: Fire Bangalow destroys Abdulla Skype’s building (Blackwell’s Store). £750 loss.
7Aug11: Sikhism. Life of Guru Nanak. Unsigned article.
8Aug11: Aliens Acquiring Land. High Court Decision.
10Aug11: Mahomet’s Coffin…. Must not fire at the moon lest you hit the Prophet.
12Aug11: Sikhism. Life of Guru Nanda. Unsigned article.
12Aug11: Sikhism. Prem Singh, who has gained some prominence amongst his compatriots by his defence of their claims in newspaper controversy, is to read a paper on Sikhism at the Federal Hall on Thursday.
12Aug11: Advert. 7.30 PM on 17Aug. Chair will be taken by Sadar Hazaarah Singh. Admission free.
19Aug11 Sikhism. Address by Prem Singh. There was a fairly large attendance in the Federal Hall on Thursday evening to hear an address by S. Prem Singh on Sikhism. Ald. R. White presided, and briefly introduced the speaker.
Prem Singh said he felt highly honoured at seeing so many people present that evening to hear his address. He said: You may be surprised to see here tonight an Indian standing on  public stage and speaking on a strange subject in a country like Australia, where the coloured races, especially the Sikhs, are indiscriminately misrepresented and wrongfully misunderstood, unhappily disregarding the high and lofty ideals of life, and totally ignoring the mental, moral, and physical achievements they have naturally acquired in the realm of virtue and divine knowledge…..
22Aug11: Sikhism. Unsigned article.
29Aug11: Scarcity of Labour.

12Sep11: Cremated. Hindoo Ceremony at Lismore. Mattra, cremated on the reserve on the Wyrallah road. Died Pearce’s Creek, Bangalow. Cremation held up because of written consent of coroner. 35yrs old and had £500 in bank. Purchased some allotments in Lismore a couple of days earlier.
14Sep11: Eight Hour Day. Lismore unions at work.
14Sep11: The Cremated Hindoo. Teeth sent to wife and child India.
18Sep11: Land Hunger. 1300 apps for ballot Whian Whian.
19Sep11: Presbyterian Mission in India. Address by minister Lismore.
2Oct11: The Afghan Menace. West Aust.
17Oct11: Land ballots. Power of the Boards. Regulation of their Decisions. Movement Starts Lismore for a more equitable means of determining who should be allowed in land ballots. In absence of appropriate legislation board makes own rules. Those rejected along with the Hindoos most upset. Prem no longer around to launch a missile. A movement of great interest, not only to this district, but throughout the State, is being stated in Lismore…. At the recent ballot, out of 1332 applicants, about 400 were arbitrarily rejected by the Board in their discretionary selection of who had a right to go to the ballot. The fact that they were thus rejected by a decision arrived at privately and without evidence other than the mere application forms has caused great dissatisfaction amongst the rejected applicants and their friends. ….. The Board rejected the applications of all the Hindoos, and while there is no wish to question this, if they regard them as undesirable settlers, it is only fair that these men should know where they are, and some uniform action be decided upon. The law simply states that every British subject of a certain age and under given conditions shall have a right to apply. …. Rejected unmarried girls and everyone under 20…One young woman has a selection opposite to which is a block owned by Hindoos, while Hindoos secured the blocks on either side. The result is that the value of the blocks to Europeans would be very small for full occupancy and residence….. Girl dummying for father. …At the present time there have been some three hundred young men and women deprived of these rights and practically classed with Hindoos as undesirable settlers. Under these circumstances it is hardly to be wondered at that they and their friends and relations are highly indignant…..
20Oct11: The Farmers Exodus.
21Oct11: Land Board. Ru Singh. Portion of land resumed for road.
26Oct11: Editorial. Going North. …Chief bait to wean men off the bounteous farms of the northern rivers was the cheapness of land in the neighbouring state.
28Oct11: Scarlet Sinners. Nana Sahib: A Black-Souled Traitor.. 1907 Indian revolt.
6Nov11: Going North Editorial.
7Nov11: Indians Squabble. Kum Chund, Tommy Rallah, Braham Singh drunk Terania St. Bisham Singh and Boojah riotous behaviour.
11Nov11: Sahail Singh v. Rhoda Khan.
20Nov11: Esur Singh and Nurain Singh. Indian Herbalists and Eye Specialists, late of George St Sydney.
28Nov11: Davy Ditta and Susannah Savillier Nth Lis. Susannah lived Nimbin with Nellie Abraham in Bisham Singh’s house and employed by as Housekeeper on Bisham’s farm. Paid 7/- per week. Gunga present.
28Nov11: Emma Ray charged with insulting words to George Bookan Singh Nth Lis. She was a tenant shopkeeper of Singh.
5Dec11: George Singh v. W. Boukullil. Sale of paspalum seed.
27Dec11: Street Fracas. 2 ’blackfellows’. Large number of Indians in town.
28Dec11:  Hindoo Fracas. The Hindoos during the holidays have kept tolerably quiet, but it was evidently the calm before the storm, as yesterday afternoon a crowd of about 100 Hindoos had a set-to in North Lismore at the Hindoo boarding house. The row was to all intents and purposes the result of a number of the coloured gentry becoming the worst for liquor… Bisham Singh, Charles Farrington, Nellie Abraham, Thomas Brown, Mundo Brown, Steve Roberts, Henry Lafoo.
28Dec11: Esur Singh and Nurain Singh now based opposite Stavert’s Coffee Palace, Walker St Casino.

1912NS
16Jan12: Deleep Singh in pub after hours. Staying at Hadjarra Singh’s boarding house Nth Lis.
16Jan12: Humana v. Arta, Hindoos. Meya, Hindoo, v. Joseph Disson. Unprovoked assault Nimbin. Milky witness.
17Jan12: The King Emperor Delhi
27Feb12: Salem Bracks and Regina Bracks v. Bridget Bows and Arthur Willis.
27Feb12: Emily Pope v. George Bookham Singh, property owner of Nth Lis. Insulting language by Pope.
27Feb12: S. McLean v. Gunga. Small Debts Court.
5Mar12: Bob Abdullah and Joe Weir drunk. Sahail Singh riotous behaviour.
5Mar12: Patrick Flanagan, unionist, v. Maurice Walsh, free labourer. Insulting language. Called Walsh a scab. 5/- fine and 35/- costs. Both wharf labourers Lismore. Strikes at Lis and Byron wharfs.
6Mar12: Great Sikh Ruler
12Mar12: Hajarrah Singh riotous behaviour.
22Mar12: Number of Charges Industrial Court. Labour Govt making series of new laws laying down min wages and extending laws to apply country and appointing industrial inspectors. Many sprung and annoyed by Lab Govt.
26Mar12: Atta drunk.
11Apr12: New Electorate of Lismore.
12Apr12: Growth of the Richmond Tweed. Butter made on the RT= £1.5mil. 400,000 cattle – twice as many as 10yrs ago.
13Apr12: Christianity in India.
23Apr12: Boojah drunk. Johalla, labourer of Nimbin v. Hajarrah Singh, assault Joe Brack’s shop. Bisham Singh, farmer of Nimbin. Lalla, Sern Singh, and Jimmy Meyer (a Hindoo) labourers of Nimbin. Johalla v. Paul Singh, assault. Sahail Singh, ‘often in trouble’ v. Paul Singh, assault. Bob Abdullah.
23Apr12: Susan Saviller insulting words to Hazarrah Singh. Susan boarding Nimbin with Sahail Singh.
30Apr12: Ramat/Ramont Ali, selector of Hanging Rock Nimbin. Braham Singh building without a permit.

7May12: Susan Savillier.
17May12: Lismore council completed street work Nth Lis – ‘a suburb which has not been too liberally treated in the past.’ Kerb and guttering.
22May12: Ram Suck v. Gunga
11Jun12: Hasham Mahomet v. Atta Singh. Bisham Singh, labourer of Nimbin v. John Roberts. Mrs Nellie Bisham Singh.
12Jun12: Sahail Singh v. Hector Stone, farm manager.
25Jun12: Dairy stats.
26Jun12: Braham Singh v. Hazarrah Singh assault.
2Jul12: Butta Singh, age 35, drunk. Hasham Mahomet v. Atter Singh. John Roberts of Nimbin v. Bishem Singh.
4Jul12: W.N. Gillies now QLD parliamentarian. Seat of Eacham in Atherton region. In Murbah speechmaking
6Jul12: Gillies summoned QLD for breaches of Electoral Act. Residency.
12Jul12: To 30Jun1912 Lismore Lands Office recorded 1736 Applications for 23 blocks. Only 2 ballots held during the year.
16Jul12: Butta Singh drunk.
18Jul12: A Hindoo Case. …Hindoo case occupied in all about 2.5hrs… The air was thick with ‘pigin’ English, and, the helpless ejaculations of one member of the bar in particular…. Charlie Nundah v. Hajarrah Singh. + Inder Singh. Hajarrah Singh, on bail, riotous behaviour. Sahail Singh ditto.
19Jul12: Nuttah Singh v. Bookin Singh. Bookin Singh’s shop Nth Lis. Nuttah owned house Nth Lis. Mois Khan interpreter.
22Jul12: Ferguson and Torrens v. Shar Mahomed, cattle dealer of Casino. Mois Khan, farmer of Hanging Rock v. George Cottee
30Jul12: Dava Singh, Hajarrah Singh (Seed Merchant of Nth Lis), Deleepa Singh assault Butta Singh Nth Lis. Senark, Shelak, Salim Bracks (fruiterer of Nth Lis), witnesses.
1Aug12: Thomas G Hewitt & Sons proprietors of NS boast 28,000 weekly circulation of NS. (8Aug12: The Largest Country Daily – Double the Circulation of any Competitor.)
13Aug12: Eight Hour Demonstration. Meeting at Richmond hall of various Lismore Unions. (22Aug12: Award wages in dairy factories. 23Aug: Strike Pioneer Sawmill Nth Lis. 15Oct12: Eight Hour Demonstration.)
5Aug12: Aman Khan and Shera Khan, 2 Afghans, assault a Hindoo named Jimmy Numa.
7Aug12: Sheer Khan, labourer, and Amanon Allah, storekeeper of Nth Lis, assault of Hindoo ‘Jimmy’ Nummah of Ballina. Wits: Lallah, boarding house keeper of Nth Lis. George Rambit, aborigine. Antonio Dean gets Collector’s licence.
20Aug12: Joseph Bouckallil of South Lis – allegedly selling adulterated pepper – mixed with flour. William Bouckallil of Nth Lis selling tea in packets without name and address of Packer. Joseph Bracks of NL, selling bottle of tomato sauce which did not carry a guarantee of purity.
26Aug12: Grazing licence to Junga Khan of Boorie Creek.
27Aug12: Her Majesty the Cow. Dairy Statistics.

3Sep12: A Paspalum Deal. Appeal and Supreme Court. Attah Singh v. Grant. Atta of Uki. Appeal dismissed with costs. Harman Singh v. Whitney. Grass seed
17Sep12: The White Man’s Burden. ‘Oh, east is east and west is west, and never the twain shall meet,’ sang Rudyard Kipling, but whether the east or west shall meet, or have met, must be a matter of indifference to Australia, considering, despite all white Australia provisions, the Hindoo occupies a big place in the land of the Southern Cross, and particularly that portion of it that is known as North Lismore…. Lizzie Ditta, married to a Hindoo, and Emily Hope, a lady, so it was all god estranged, if living apart justifies the term, from her husband……
2Oct12: Louis Theogose, 24, native of Goa, India, charged with murder.
5Oct12: Lismore in favour of Electric Light.
9Oct12: Balkan War declared. Northern Star pro Christian and anti Muslim. Sam Andronico interviewed. He and his staff will go straight to the front, and do their best to avenge the horrors and atrocities to which their people have from time to time been subjected at the hands of the Turks in Macedonia. No Muslim interviewed.
10Oct12: L to E by ‘Nimrock’ of Nimbin. Preserving a White Australia. I would feel indebted if you insert the following in your columns. I would like to add my quota to the arguments presented in favour of a ‘White Australia,’ and populating the land with our own folk, or the next best thing, an influx of approved immigrants from Europe. From time to time our halls of justice are desecrated by the cases of an Eastern pieball assortment of plaintiffs and defendants, many of whom are not particular as to how they give their versions of the cases in point. Personally, I feel like committing justifiable homicide, when a cringing specimen of humanity, hailing from India, and who possesses every odour known to chemistry, suggests that he should participate in some light athletic recreation such as dealing light blows to certain patches of brushing, for a consideration, to wit, 8/- per diem. At one time, when it was hard to get men, I foolishly engaged some of these dusky Johnny cake manipulators, but never again. Near Nimbin, on an Indian’s farm, there is a gang of Indians at work, scrub felling, and with them a young white woman, swinging the axe. It is hard enough for a white woman to have to do such work, but to see one of our own flesh and blood slaving on the axe for the benefit of a servile coloured alien, is sufficient to raise the blood of any Australian…. If every ‘good’ Australian who has posterity at heart would, when his next vacancy for a worker turns up, send to one of the depots in Sydney and secure a white man, whom it will be a pleasure to work alongside of instead of a dark brown apparition from India, whose only function seems to be to evolve odours similar to sulphuretted  hydrogen, he will indeed be doing something for White Australia, and the Hindoo-Mohammedan wraith will disappear.
10Oct12: An Interpleader Case. Hajarrah Singh v. Joe Abdullah. + Khowan Khan.
10Oct12: Editorial The War. ‘The Great Powers’ ineffective in preserving Balkan peace.
14Oct12: At It Again. More Trouble North Lismore. George Booken Singh, owner of ‘several’ cottages. Mrs Smith a tenant.
15Oct12: Bounty or no Bounty. Consideration of doing away with sugar bounty.
16Oct12: L to E by J.B. Allah, Mahomet, and the Koran. Beware the hordes. ’ ….The proclamation which has gone forward, ‘Moslems to the Rescue’, is a command the like of which has never been so universally heard before. Never in history has such an appeal gone with so world-wide an announcement. Mohammedens everywhere upon the earth have heard it, and all will respond in some measure to the call….who can say that when Mohammedanism is awake – fully awake – there will not be a gathering of two hundred thousand…
22Oct12: A Hindoo Cremated. Dicky Harman Singh. Third cremation on same spot Wyrallah Rd in last few years.
25Oc12: Summary combatants Balkan War
29Oct12: Bookim Singh obscene language to Emily Pope Nth Lis.
31Oct12: Editorial Balkan War

13Nov12: Alleged Perjury. A Hindoo Commited… George Bookhan Singh. Wife Lizzie. Mrs Christine Smith, tenant.
13Nov12: Assault of Hindoo. Nutta Singh assaulted by W.J. McEvoy.
14Nov12: Utcher Singh. Casino Land Board. Consideration of application for CP 11/94 and CL 11/45 postponed. Application by Sooba Khan for CP 12/21 and CL 12/13 withdrawn.
15Nov12: Will the Powers Sit Still. L to E by JB re Mohammedanism and Balkan Wars…. Bulgaria intimates to the world that she rises on behalf of the Christians. The Moslems are up on behalf of Mohammedanism, so that the Crescent and Cross are in conflict. The preparatory call on behalf of Mohammedanism has already gone to the world….
19Nov12: Unornamental and Useless. Queen Victoria Fountain near PO.
19Nov12: Lizzie Macrow assaults Nellie Bisham Singh. Nth Lis. William James McIlroy assaults Nunda Singh Nth Lis. Lismore City Council v. Meya Singh re rates.
20Nov12: George Bookan Singh re perjury
22Nov12: Application for new trial. Nutta Singh v. G. Bookan Singh
30Nov12: New Brighton article. 45 lots for sale
9Dec12: Council bye election. 1800 on roll but only 689 vote, 21 of whom did so informally.
12Dec12: Little White Slaves. L to E. Child labour on farms again. + 25Dec12
13Dec12: The Mailed Fist Again. L to E by JB re Mohammedanism/Germany/Armageddon.
16Dec12: Another Council bye election. 607 vote.
17Dec12: Casino Land Board. Giba Khan forfeits lease CP 10/147 due breaking conditions of residency. Shar Mohamed CP 10/102 ditto. Junga Khan CP 11/82. Suba Khan CP 12/21.
18Dec12: The Mailed Fist Again. L to E by J.B. The Great Powers and Balkan War.
19Dec12: A. Deen, CP 10.158 and 10.144. Casino Land Board
21Dec12: Basanto cremated Wyrallah Rd.

1913 NS
16Jan13: Hazarrah Singh drunk
14Jan13: Lalla Ditta stealing grass seed owned by Allah from railway station.
15Jan13: Gunga drunk Keen St
21Jan13: Moirbon, a Hindoo, v. Pritchard. Theft of horse on Shar Mahomet’s property Casino.
6Feb13: Junga Khan applies for special lease 300 acres Crown Land Bonalbo.
8Feb13: Gunga drunk Terania St.
10Feb13: Apathy re Electricity. Referendum of citizens says no but only 120 turn up to vote.
15Feb13: Matthew Ruane, a prohibited person, in pub.
25Feb13: Roor Singh riotous behaviour. Dorothy Pope v. George Booken Singh re indecent language Nth Lis. Lizza Ditta and Emily Pope wits
25Feb13: Attah Singh owes £5 to A. Suffolk
11Mar13: Esur Singh v. William Keir. Worked for 7/- a day. Owed £21/3/6 but only paid £15. Deductions for grass for horse and 4 quarts of milk per day. Jurah Singh also employed 7/- per day.
11Mar13: Attah Singh v. Joseph Suffolk. Nimbin. Wits Jellalah Singh and Salem Singh
13Mar13: First stone laid Federal Capitol, now named Canberra.
1Apr13: Bram Singh assaulted Elthan
9Apr13: R.A. Khan applies for 120acres Boorabee.
10Apr13: Rallah v. Lattimer
11Apr13: George Bookam Singh. Perjury. ‘Perjury is very prevalent among Hindoos…It was also prevalent among white men….
11Apr13: ‘Charles the Hindoo’ and many others Murbah.’ Rallah v. Latimer
14Apr13: George Booken Singh 12mths hard labour Goulburn
15Apr13: Sarum Singh v. Sahil Singh. Paspalum seed. Hazarah Singh of Nimbin. Latta Singh, Tommy Rallah, Attah Singh, Johallah Singh. Bisham Singh.
22Apr13: Alleged Serious Assault. Hindoo Billy Narrung, savagely beaten Boatharbour by 3 men.
22Apr13: Tommy Rallah v. Joseph Suffolk
29Apr13: Nutta Singh v. Keir. Narrunga still in hospital and unable to attend court.

6May13: The Boatharbour Case. Billy Narunga out of hospital. Rented half of 200acre farm of William Delaforce. Wit Charlie Abdullah. ‘India and the Empire.’
7May13: Gunga drunk
13May13: Another Sub div New Brighton
13May13: Rue Singh. Land Board gives permission to resume road on property.
27May13: Casino Land Board. Mohamed Khan cp 10-156. Conditions of residence not met.
29May13: W.N. Gillies MLA Eachan QLD, addresses crowd from Australian Hotel Murbah.
17Jun13: Bota Singh Drunk.
25Jun13: Pagalah, a Hindoo, assaulted by Edward Hutley. Wits Jimmy Meer and Dean.
28Jun13: Editorial: India Unfolds.
1Jul13: The Czar Tries a Hand. L to E by JB. Balkan intervention
1Jul13: Hubba Box v. Muli. Claim for £5
4Jul13: White Wives for Brown Men. Afghans.

1Aug13: Balkan Position. The Powers considering Turkish reoccupation of Thrace
8Aug13: Editorial Commotion at Cawnpore. Indian riot. Ignorant British colonial bureaucrats. …There is a significance about these two facts which has a very serious meaning. It shows how widespread the feeling of dislike to the rule of the Raj or Indian Government is becoming and how the leaders in the background are engineering every opportunity they can seize hold of to make the presence of the British in India obnoxious to the mass of the natives….. The Mohammedans, the mastering races we wrestled the greater part of the country from, have been loyal to us almost to a man. Not because they like us, but for the powerful reason of self protection. Numerically they are far weaker than their co-patriots the Hindus; intellectually still more so, not having availed of the educational advantages offered them nearly so much as the Hindus. So that in any change of rule they would not only have little reason to anticipate a better state of affairs for themselves, but very strong grounds to suppose themselves much worse off. They have, therefore, stood staunchly to us in the past, and if their allegiance is going to waver now there is every probability of bad times awaiting us ahead.  Racially the Mohammedan is a worker, the Hindoo a dreamer; so in the undercurrents of revolt it does not take long to comprehend which of the two would be the most dangerous…..
12Aug13: Joallah, Hindoo of the Channon ripped off. 12 Hindoos at court. Shar Mahomed, farmer of Lynch’s Creek, ripped off.
15Aug13: Tommy Lang, Chinese cook McQuades Hotel assaulted.
16Aug13: Billy Narunga, Hindoo farmer of Boatharbour assaulted. Charlie Abdullah, labourer
18Aug13: Letter to Editor by Shaikh Abdul Kader dated Lismore 14Aug1913. India and the Moslems. Sir, - On tour of Australia I happen to be in Lismore for this holy month of Ramazan as a guest of Mr Soojawal Khan, of Hanging Rock, one of the leading Mohammedans in NSW. I happened to see a well written article under the title of ‘Commotion at Cawnpore’ in your impartial paper, and being an Indian I venture to express certain opinion, which may be of some interest to thousands of your readers. This little affair of Cawnpore may only be a puff as you say, or may be a signal for an ‘earthquake’. Not so long ago the agitating Bengalese tried to enlist sympathy and support of Musselmans of India against British rule, but they badly failed in their project, through Musselmans unflinching fidelity and loyalty to the British Raj. But as we all know India with its population of nearly four hundred millions, Hindoos and Mussulmans, if join hands in a revolt against British Raj, it would be a dreadful time for all concerned, and having some experience and knowledge of India I am able to say it would be a long way worse than the Indian Mutiny of 1857, and, for the sake of humanity only, may God forbid such occurrences. No doubt although in minority Mohammedan were the ruling and fighting power of India before British, and at present our best soldiers are all Musselmans namely Punjabees, Balochs, Peshorys, Afridis, Esopzals, and Wazirees, and they have proved without the shadow of doubt, if properly led, they are the best troops in the world, which they unquestionably proved at the time of the Boxes rising in China a few years ago. As amongst the world’s troops concentrated at Taitassin for the relief of Pekin, we were first to reach there without any outside assistance, managed to relieve the garrison of Consulates of Europe fighting against fearful odds. That brilliant charge of 600 Bengal Lancers against 2000 Tartar cavalry and their rout was a gem in the British Crown, and it deserved Lord Robert’s famous telegram to the Bengal Lancers from the Boer War. ‘Good boys, am not surprised, know your valour, congratulate.’ These few words were the ample reward for those heroes. Everyone of them was a Musselman son of India, and now this Balkan crisis has embittered their minds and feelings against certain Christian nations, and some of the mischief-making agitators will not hesitate to take an advantage of every misrepresentation to put to flame a certain ignorant portion of the population if they possibly can. With what result? We are one portion with knowledge and reason and will endeavour our hardest to pacify our ignorant brothers, even going so far as to fight against them, the same as in the Indian Mutiny, to protect and be loyal to our salt. In other words we will fight in deference to the British flag. All these things may happen through some erring order of a bigoted, ignorant, selfish official, who may think his person safe, with police and troops at his back, but what about the thousands of innocent lives who are sacrificed through his folly or mistake.
There is not the slightest doubt that Islamism is spreading wonderfully fast, more so than Christianity in many undeveloped parts of the world although Christianity had a start of nearly 600 years over Islam, and the past history is a good guide to judge some future events. Mussulmans were the conquerors of that mighty Persian Empire. Deeds of Taimerlung and Jungis Khan are not forgotten. Those terrible crusades in which Dick of the Flower of Europe fought Mussalmans for possession of the Holy Land are ever green in everybody’s memory. Not so long ago best part of Europe was conquered by the Moor. Spain, then the mighty Empire of Europe, had to surrender to the might of the Arabs. Russian Princes used to kiss the stirrup iron of the Khan’s officials, and Turks who captured Constantinople 600 years ago had a continual struggle to keep that hold in Europe against such odds. Our faith teaches us to take our adversity the same as our prosperity. Although the Balkan fiasco is not ended yet I think it will be only fair to say ‘Bravo Turk’ with so many obstacles and misfortunes in their way, they recaptured Adrianople and Thrace from barbarous, inhumane and most cruel of all humanity, the Bulgarians. I am sure if your readers were to search in past history, black or white, they would not find one single instance where such outrageous, horrible and unspeakable atrocities have been performed under the most holy pretences of civilisation. Christianity and Europeans. My reason for writing this letter is to prove to the public that Moslems are not nearly so bad as they are painted by these prejudicial, unprincipled, mischief making agitators. Asking pardon for my poor pen which is quite incapable of explaining the matter in a better light for my down-trodden brothers and faith. – Yours, etc.,
23Aug13: Balkan Boys Marry. Weddings are Carousals. Greek marriage customs.
26Aug13: Editorial Bulgarians’ Atrocities. The shocking story unfolded in Friday’s ‘Star’ of atrocities, in connection with the occupation of Adrianople by the Bulgars, which may be unblushingly proclaimed in hades, but which cannot be named even upon this sin-stained earth, serves to recall the tales of cruelty and rapine associated with the Bulgarian atrocities of 1886-87, which made all Christian Europe outside of the Balkan peoples shudder, and brought forth that famous outburst of indignation from the late Mr W. E. Gladstone, when, in trumpet tones that awakened Christendom, he demanded that the Turks should be cleared out of Europe bag and baggage. But while the atrocities are there in blackest hue, on the present occasion they have been consummated under entirely different circumstances. The iniquities which created such general feelings of horror in the seventies were said to have been committed by the ‘fiendish’ Turks upon the Bulgarians, who were struggling at the time to free themselves from the Ottoman yoke. The Turks, however, not only denied this, but declared that they had been more sinned against than they had sinned, and the impartial critic must confess that before the International Committee of Inquiry which investigated the atrocities some time afterwards, the Ottoman were found to be no more guilty than the Bulgars. In the recent happenings, however, it is declared upon the best of evidence that the guilt lies at the door of the Bulgarians wholly and solely – a guilt not only committed in the flush of victory against their enemies of centuries standing, but premeditatedly and avowedly against their allies and against the harmless and inoffensive representatives of an honourable race who had no interest in the Balkan struggle whatsoever….. A short time ago it was pointed out in these columns that the last word practical effect was given to among Oriental races was the word change. The Bulgars cannot be termed an Eastern race in the strict sense of the words any more than the Russians can. But they have been so long suborned by the Turks, the most cruel Eastern race extant, they have so intermingled with them, racially speaking, and become so impregnated with the seamy side of the Turkish character, that they are, in their moral standing, little above the plane of semi-barbarians, and as such they cherish all those customs which are looked upon by Christendom as the most revolting feature of war as far back as five hundred years ago. The story – we are indebted to the Russian Consul at Adrianople for giving to the English correspondent – is not without its lesson to Australia. It shows how wise we are to have banned the coloured alien from our life and how much we would wrong ourselves were we to so far abandon our policy of a White Australia as to enable his representatives to say they had ever intermingled their race with ours as would inevitably happen were our gates to be thrown open to them. The warning Lord Macauley gave should ever be before us – that the blending of occidental and oriental races could only result in the offspring imbibing the vices of both and the virtues of neither. This is an experience of other countries under the British Crown which should not be lost sight of when the question of populating the Northern Territory is given practical effect to.
26Aug13: Senark, Hindoo, assaulted Jamita, Hindoo. Nth Lis. Wits Lal Singh, Paul Singh, Lucca, Lallah, Pagalah and Moonshine.
30Aug13: A Balkan Incident. Story of the War. Another line is being added to the bloody epilogue of the old, old martial struggle of Cross and Crescent. … Turks in retreat.

9Sep13: Marm Deen v. Bisham Singh insulting words. Saren Singh v. Ram Sooh. Debt. Cuthbert Wheeler v. Saren Singh. Debt.
10Sep13: Editorial Wedding Aliens. …..Partly this accounts for the disposition to be found in some women in Australia to enter into wedlock, notwithstanding the warnings and entreaties of their relatives and friends, with the swarthy followers of Mohamed or Bhudda…. There is still correspondence passing between the Commonwealth Government and the Indian authorities in reference to the unhappy case of Mrs Ahmed Din, who, married to a Pathan, the most bloodthirsty of all Afghan tribes, went with her family to India and was murdered in Scinde through the agency of her coloured relatives, so that she could not acquire the property her husband was supposed to possess….. Other instances where the coloured husband had no instincts other than those of the brute…  (occurred at Kalgoolie  – Afghan named Mahomet Gool) …. These two instances suffice to show the dangers a white woman embraces when she enters into wedlock with a dusky Indian lover, especially when amongst the majority of these aliens we find here, women are held in less respect than a horse or a trifle more than that unclean animal, the dog. Of course, in dwelling upon this aspect, it is not intended to remain blind to the deplorable fact that in rare instances a woman runs exactly the same risk when she weds her own, or European countrymen. ….
16Sep13: Maggie Phillips v. Nawab Khan. Wages claim.
29Sep13: Bulgarian Barbarities. Letter from the Women of Greece to the Women of the Civilized World. – about the unheard of barbarities of the Bulgarians during the present warfare. … We the women of Greece, united by a common sentiment of grief and horror in presence of unspeakable horrors committed by Bulgarian bands against our brethren in Macedonia and Thrace…. We ask in the name of thousands of martyrised women and children, ministers of God, and servants of the State, both Christians or Mussulman, that they will demand the intervention of the whole civilized world to put an end to the inhuman crimes of the Bulgarians.
A people whose army treacherously and perfidiously attacks its Christian allies, thus provoking a new war, an army which is not satiated with the blood it sheds, but outrages virgins, mutilates infants in their mothers’ arms, burns old men alive, impales priests and bishops, tears out the eyes of the wounded and of the dying, belongs to a nation of barbarians and savages. She is unworthy of a place among civilised nations.
In all the districts which were occupied by these barbarians and retaken by our liberating army, wherever the foot of the Hun had trodden, the inhabitants – irrespective of religion, were subjected one and all to the most inhuman treatment.
It is not possible to number the endless lists of atrocities committed by the Bulgarians. We can only mention a few, beginning with the wholesale enforced baptism of Mussleman woman near Novrokop, whilst their husbands were slaughtered or burnt in their mosques. In a village near Serrae women were forced to dance naked with bells hung from their necks, round an immense bonfire formed by the burning bodies of their husbands and children.
At Serrae, Dolrani and Kavalia, those thriving Greek cities of Macedonia, the archbishops and leading men were butchered, the women were outraged, young children were massacred, churches were burnt, and the whole place was filled with ruin and desolation. Wherever these hords passed they scattered desolation and horror around. Atila and his hords have not been more fiendish in cruelty than this so-called civilised nation in the 20^th century. Women of the whole world, you, who are represented in the International Council of Women, or in the International League of Women’s Clubs, or concerned with the League of Peace, or with temperance societies, we entreat you by all the pity and love which is innate in women’s hearts, rise and demand the intervention of the powerful of the earth, that an end may be put to these savage atrocities, which must call down the execration of all right-minded nations upon a people which covers with shame its own profession of religion.
30Sep13: Paul Singh assaulted by George Ajuita (Japanese laundryman of McGrath’s Hotel.

2Oct13: Exclusion of Hindus – USA.
11Oct13: The Melting Pot of Races. USA
14Nov13: Visit of Turkish Consul: During the week his Excellency Esper Nasoor Bey, Consul to the Ottoman Empire in New South Wales, paid a visit to Lismore at the command of the Sultan to meet as many of the Mahommedan faith as circumstances allowed, and to thank them personally on behalf of the Sultan for their loyalty to the Turkish throne, and their sympathy with their country during the late war. The Indian and Turkish Mahommedans in this district sent over £806 for the benefit of their co-religionists fighting in the ranks. Many in addition volunteered their services, and prepared to leave for the seat of war. But his Excellency’s instructions were to persuade them that it was not necessary. His Excellency was very pleased with the appearance of the district and with the hospitality of citizens. He is staying at the Hotel Ryan and expects to leave to-morrow morning for Sydney via Tenterfield. 
28Nov13: Balkan Horrors. The Bulgarian authorities are advancing an ingenious theory to defend themselves from the charges of atrocities. They say that large numbers of Greeks and Armenians were murdered by the Turks, who then dressed the bodies of the victims in Turkish garb and displayed them as victims of the Bulgarians who arrived on the scene. They also mutilated the bodies in various fiendish ways in order to increase the dramatic effect. But it is unfortunate for the Bulgarians that their principal accusers are not Turks, but Greeks. The Greeks say that the pockets of numbers of their Bulgarian prisoners were filled with women’s ears and fingers with rings still adhering to them, and that the Bulgarian soldiers wore necklaces made of babies hands.
18Nov13: Atta Singh v. Dava Singh and Sahail Singh. Assault Nth Lis
25Nov13: Caste Grumbles in India
29Nov13: Unruly Hindoos. Judge’s Comments
1Dec13: Semak, Hindoo, wounded Jamieta, Hindoo of the Channon. Jamieta called Semark the ‘offensive name of Deen.’  Laab Singh of Coraki witness. Bram Singh v. Graydon. Wages. Deleeb Singh witness. Rallah v. Hajarrah. Grass seed debt.
2Dec13: Ah Ping shooting case. Hawkers licences granted to J. Bracks, C.F. Wickham, Anney Wickham, Wm. Habib, Abdulla Skype, Bassina Bouckeilli, Anthony Hajjah, Nobby Bex, Barbara Gabley, David Coorey.
3Dec13: Troublesome Hindoos. Nutta Singh struck Bram Singh North Lismore.
10Dec13: Hindoo high wages Woodburn. 21/- for 10hrs potato picking.
11/12Dec13: L to E Disturbances Wyrallah. Aboriginals.
12Dec13: Editorial Indian Rights of Citizenship….. To us in the Antipodes with our settled White Australia policy to see a body of Indians, although 150,000 strong, demanding from Downing-street the rights of Indian citizenship, or, in other words, the privilege of coming and going through all parts of the British Empire with the same freedom that a Britisher can, appears ludicrous. … This demand for unrestricted ingress and egress, wheresoever the British flag flies, is not a matter of yesterday. … There has been also, in India itself, an increasing movement towards the liberalising of Islam, and on the Hindu side a remarkable revival of the desire to break up old systems of thought, especially amongst the Arya Somaj in Northern India. …
13Dec13: An Imperial Position. As above
31Dec13: Lord Headley converts to Muslim.

1914 NS
21Jul14: An Indian’s Apples. Muddie Ram, an Asiatic market gardener of Hanging Rock charged Herbert Davis.
25Jul14: The Deceitful Indian – India and bible swearing. Mrs Besart and Hindu Boys
28Jul14: Charles Esau v. Luck. Assault. Gunga v. Surien Singh. Rallah and Roor Singh v. Dava Singh.
19Aug14: Dava Singh, Nama, and Bisham Singh riotous behaviour Terania St Nth Lis.
28Aug14: Mota Khan donates £1 to Patriotic Fund
31Aug14: L to E by JB. The Cry of Mahomet.
1Sep14: Joseph Booallil donates £1/1/-. And Assyrian Citizens Association donates £9/7/-: Joseph Bracks, William Bookallil, William Habib, Antonio Hajjar, A. Joseph, Michael Boody, Mrs Gabsley, A. Skype, Mrs A. Skype.
2Sep14: L to E by WMH. The Cry of Mahomet.
8Sep14: £24 collected from 25 Sikhs by Utcher Singh for Patriotic Fund. All names listed.
9Sep14: Our Indian Soldiers
23Sep14: Mr Khan. Horse and cart bolts Woodlark.
30Sep14: The attitude of Turkey. JB letter
10Oct14: Editorial The Turk is a Foe.
13Sep14: Prohibition order against Hajjarah Singh.
26Nov14:  Mica v. Braham Singh. Rallah v. Hazarrah Singh. Hackney v. Surn Singh
1Dec14:  B. Narunga. Unclean Premises – cream manufacture on dairy farm. Farm managed on his behalf by a white man.
28Dec14: An Injured Indian. Jer Singh struck on back of head by a white man.
29Dec14: Hindoo fell off train. Trying to alight at small station near Bangalow. Bisham Singh drunk Keen St. Dava Singh riotous behaviour Woodlark.

4Jan15: Editorial: War in Australia. Comment on Afghan Muslims flying Turk flag and firing on trail Broken Hill.
18Jan15: Indian Emigrant Riot
19Jan15: D. Granatelli, wharf labourer, charged with riotous behaviour for assault of Hindoo
28Jan15: T.G. Hewitt dies age 72. Circulation of NS increased from 600 to 7500 in his time. 1889 bi weekly, 1904 tri weekly 1Jul07 daily. NS founded by W. Kelleway 1876. Hewitt’s ‘fearless and able pen was often raised in defence of the weak – the poor and the aborigines..,
In Dec1910 Hewitt appointed Gratten Grey, of the 'Tasmanian Hansard staff', as editor. He ruled for 9mths before editorial control passed to Robert Browne, previously editor of the North Coast Daily News (and a man of 'conservative and Imperialistic sentiment'). (In Apr1921 the Star changed ownership when proprietor, Mr T.M. Hewitt, became a minority shareholder upon selling out to Lawyer J.C. McIntosh Snr and seven other mates, who became directors of the new entity called Northern Star Ltd and appointed a new editor, Mr A.G. Davies of the ‘Brisbane Courier Parliamentary reporting staff’. The previous editor, Robert Browne, retired to Mullumbimby.)
2Feb15: Property of Hajar, Union St Sth Lis. Five room building of business premises of Hajarrah Singh, seed merchant, destroyed by fire.
10Feb15: Aman Allah, boarding house keeper, charged with insulting language, Pine St Nth Lis. Said Mahomid, priest, witness.
22Feb15: Editorial. The Alien a Peril
17Mar15: Besunta, of Patara, District of Jullundar City, went back to Punjab 3yrs ago and married. Received a govt grant to implement Aust agric methods. Letter to Horace James of Nashua. Pass on regards to Daleep Singh.
20Apr15: Bindoo v. Jamita. + Sheer Khan. Gundurimba.
27Apr15: Darkie Singh donates to Belgian Appeal.
28Apr15: Sern Singh in court. + Joata. Bexhill.
25May15: Combined Richmond-Tweed Patriotic Carnival. Organiser for Hindoos, Sikhs, Afghans and Mohamedians was Mr G.J. Pfennigwerth. Subheading: Indians Out March: By no means the least attractive part of the procession was the march of the Hindoos, Afghans, Mohommedans and Sikhs. The Sports: Hindoo race on horseback: 16 Hindoos found the starter. Shail Singh, Rodal Singh, Sundah Singh, Sahib Singh…
15Jun15: Nabbey Box, hawker of Nth Lis and house owner of Terania St, v. Sahail Singh
22Jun15: Goolam Mahomed v. Nubby Box. + Eidoo.

6Jul15: William Patch v. Muddi Ram. Shots fired. Dava Singh riotous behaviour. Eidoo on assault charge. Surn Singh, Jonia Singh
10Jul15: Indian Missionaries. Rev W. Barry from India lectures at Baptist church
28Jul15: Indian Found Dead. Tweed Mystery. Mahommedan named Pahedeli aka Alic Deen, previously of Tyalgum. 30/40yrs old. Looks like murder and speculation of altercation with countrymen
13Aug15: Inquest into death Murbah of Babd Ralli
25Aug 15: Belah Singh, age 43, Teven. Assaulted Ginna. Allie Box interpreter. Pelah witness
31Aug15: Sasana Dhaja to give lecture and be introduced by Mayor White. More on 1, 2, 8 and 11Sep. Buddhist. Northern Star again giving free rein to alternate religions. Admonishes Mayor for pulling out. Said he didn’t want to give imprimatur to quack medicine. No love lost NS. (2Oct15: Where is the Mayor? Admonished for never attending functions.)
7Sep15: F.A. Baker of Billinudgel farewelled to Clarence
23Sep15: Gunga drunk Molesworth St
28Sep15: L to E by W. Narunga. Dealing With Hindoos. Sir; - I take the liberty of occupying a small space in your valuable paper to ask if it is the usual custom in Lismore to refuse to serve a Hindoo in the tea rooms of that town. I am a farmer and have property of my own, having lived in this district for seventeen years, and have always borne a good character for sobriety, cleanliness and honesty. My countrymen are good enough to go to the front and fight beside English soldiers, so I ask why should any person refuse to serve me in a tea room or any other shop in Lismore. – yours, etc. W. Narunga. (Bill Narunga died Lismore 1957 aged 77.)
5Oct15: Golam Mahomed claim for wages. Jimale Nutta Singh, residing in a tent Nth Lis, charged George Booker Singh with assault. Charlie Mong, Chinaman, witness
21Oct15: Gunga drunk Terania St
26Oct15: 12mth prohibition order Hazarrah Singh
2Nov15: Sheera Khan assaulted Maggie Phillips, wife of Khaus Khan Gundurimba. Married in ‘native fashion’. Sheera in partnership with Khaus in market garden Gundurimba.
29Nov15: Bookham Singh v. Jimmy Nutta Singh. Nth Lis. Shera Singh, a Mohammedan, v. Maggie Phillips. Wife of Khaus Singh of Caniaba Hill. Behah Singh, a Hindoo, v. Ginnah of Teven. Ellen Bishan Singh insufficient means of support.
8Dec15: Hawkers Licenses. William Habib, Rosina Bouchallil, Anthony Hajjar, Annie Wickham, Calal Wickham, Annie Jacobs, Michael Abood, Abdulla Skype, Barbara Balish
21Dec15: Dleep Singh v. Namath Khan. Assault Jiggi. Nagairah Singh’s house Nth Lis. Khan took a Hindoo girl to church and caused problems with Hindoos. + Laav Singh

21Jan16: At the Kyogle Land Board Meeting: Lubbo Tully, a Hindoo, applied for conversion of a special lease. Lynch’s Creek. Opposed by Lynch’s Cr Progress Assoc. Chairman states first case in his experience where the public sided with the crown in opposing an application… but hoped that the attitude of the opponents was not because the applicant was a coloured man.
1 & 8Feb16: Jamita and Sahaile Singh. Riotous behaviour. Molesworth.
8Feb16: William Habib defrauded
11Feb16: New Mayor McKenzie (22Feb: Ald J.I Smith resigns. 2Mar: Farewell to Mayor White.)
15Feb16: The Dairying Industry
16Feb16: Nundah v. William Henry Bostock. Hanging Rock.
22Feb16: Manna Singh’s house Nth Lis burns down. Working Binna Burra at time.
22Feb16: Shera Singh v. Khowas Khan
1Apr16: Mullum branch of Fruit Growers Assoc formed
30May16: Narunga fined for insulting words in public street. Goolam v. Khows Khan.
6Jun16: Hindoo Escape. Train incident Mullum
13Jul16: George Johallah (in partnership with Tommie Nutta Singh The Channon) v. Bishan Singh, Johallah Singh, Billy Narunga, Budgera Singh, Charlie Esau. Assault Nth Lis. Tommy Nutta also had shop Nth Lis
22Jun16: The colour question. Segregation Taree school.
26Jul16: J. Nutta Singh v. M. Wah. Small Debts court
2Aug16: Khowas Khan (Dunoon Rd) v. Goolam. Paspalum Seed case. Wits Joalla Singh labourer of Sth Lis, Natoo, gardener of Sth Lis, Billy Narunga farmer of Alstonville and Boat Harbour.
10Aug16: Rallah v. Singh. Lal Singh v. Hazarrah Singh. Khowas Khan. Malicious damage. Charlie Nundah cattle stealing Hanging Rock
12Aug16: Iudos Singh v. Walter Kempnich for wages Cumbalum. Signed contract with x mark. He couldn’t read. Thought he was engaged for banana chipping from 6AM to sundown for 4d per day. Was to be paid every month. Received no pay for 15wks. ‘He had to work from 5am to 7pm daily and do unreasonable and oppressive work.’ Bodja witness in his favour. Ditto Esur Singh. Kemp said to him ‘I see you have entered into an agreement for one year, do you understand what it means?’ Defendant said he did , and that he was to be paid £98 with £7 bonus.’ Kemp asked if he understood how he was to be paid, and he said, ‘Yes, the same as all Hindu men, three months pay at the end of four months…. Kemps ‘Hindu employees worked 60hrs per week, which was the usual thing on the rivers’. Ali Box, Rhoda Singh and Hajarrah witnesses favoured Kemp.
21Aug16: Syrians/Christians
29Aug16: Said Mahomed v. Kheiro. Small Debts court
29Aug16: Wanted: Hindoos for grubbing lantana Koonorigan.
31Aug16: The Banana Industry. Tweed.
25Sep16: Sahail Singh straying stock
12Oct16: White Australia Policy. Anti-conscriptionists reckon govt about to abandon policy. Star firmly behind conscription in referendum.
26Oct16: Another Anti-Dodge. Strong efforts are being made – and they all emanate from a certain section of the community – to induce those of the district Sikhs whose names are on the roll and who announce they are going to vote ‘yes’ to stay away from the polls on Saturday. They are informed there is no need for them to vote, etc, etc., and the same parties are very anxious to choke over their inquiries when the bait is not swallowed.   T.M. HEWITT, ‘Star” Office, Lismore.
30Oct 16: Conscription referendum results. Overwhelming for ‘yes’ except Tenterfield as usual. Casino and Murbah marginal. But Sydney carried ‘no’ for state.
18Nov16: Hindoos in Trouble. Punch up at Lismore Show.
4Dec16: Advert. All Sikhs willing to proceed to the front for the protection of King George and the British Empire report to the Drill Hall, Lismore, as soon as possible. Kaham Singh.
5Dec16: Hawkers Licenses. Foot License: Barbarba Balish. Vehicle: William Habib, Anthony Hajjar, Annie Jacobs, B. Wickham, A. Wickham, Abdulla Skype

1917 NS
1Jan17: Price of NS goes from 1d to 1.5d. or 6d to 9d per week. Ditto Daily Examiner Grafton and Tweed Daily. Price of paper up 300%
9Jan17: Anthony Coory insulted Terania St.
31Jan17: North Lismore Improvements. The Time Opportune. …After the development of the town proper…North Lismore declined, and for some years its condition was stationary, and the suburb became the rendezvous of a few lawless men. In process of time the suburb was purged of these, only to make room for an undesirable class of aliens who had given way to drink. Time, like an ever-rolling stream, has borne nearly all these away, and the suburb was never so free from these strains in the past twenty years as it is today. The old saying ‘give a dog a bad name and you might as well hang him’ has no applications to localities. Artificial barriers to progress may exist to-day and be removed tomorrow; Natural disadvantages, such as defective drainage are rarely overcome, and only by the expenditure of vast sums of money; whereas petty prejudices of color are speedily rooted out…. The increased accommodation since the new railway station was built on the North side has resulted in a largely increased traffic through that suburb, and this fact, together with the gradual disappearance of the drunken alien, is working out a destiny, with the result that owners for some time past have been reporting a keen demand for their houses…..
3Feb17: Nundah selector of cp 06.87 conditions of residence not complied with
5Feb17: Bailiffs Court. Nunda plantiff and Gunga defendant
8Feb17: Formation of the Ratepayers and Citizens’ Association of North Lismore. Among subjects dealt with… the congregation of the aborigines in North Lismore….
12Mar17: Junga Khan applies for 280 acre block at Duck Creek, Tabulam.
19Apr17: Bisham Singh v. Brander. Gundah Singh v. Johnson
20Apr17: Nundah cattle stealing. Chundah Singh farmer of Pimlico v. Johnson of Ballina re rent
21Apr17: Bisham Singh, gardener of Woodburn v. Brander, farmer of Nimbin. Singh owned 266acre property next door to Bander
24May17: Death of a Hindoo. H’Jarra Singh at Jarman’s farm Dorroughby. Over 60yrs old. Occupied a hut for some time. Portion of ex bails.
26Apr17: Charles Nundah cattle stealing from Amer Khan Hanging Rock
3May17: Gunga drunk Molesworth St
1Jun17: Inquest Hyjarrah Singh. Employed at 7/6d per day. Had bank acct of £119/9/10. Nearly blind. Owned a farm India. Related to Jawalla Singh. At Hindoo picnic The Channon for collection for hospital fund 20May17. Jamita, cattle dealer of Nth Lis
2Jun17: 7 room house of Ram Chund and Hajorrie destroyed fire. Hajarra Singh resident
12Jun17: Ald R. White retires. Flattering write up by NS. Bishan Singh assaulted Narman Singh at T. Nutta Singh’s shop Nth Lis. Nellie Narman Singh insulted John Dear.
18Jun17: Hindoos donate £40 to hospital
24Jun17: Further to fire Nth Lis. House owned by Hajarrah of Tintenbar. Occupant was Thomas Nutta Singh who carried on business as seed merchant.

3Jul17: Bishan Singh aged 36, damage to Nama’s property.
17Jul17: Dileah Singh carrying a firearm on Sunday. Tommy Nutta Singh v. Alfred Woodward.
9Aug17: Amir Khan v. Mc Kerrow. Hajarrah v. Hajuri. Walker v. Boukilli. McQueen v. Bookham Singh. Esau v. Sinar Khan. Chunda Singh v. Johnson.
15Aug17: Nutta Singh v. Auld. Auld previously managed one of Nutta’s shops Nth Lis. Nutta bought their business Nth Lis last year  for £51 and lent them money for fruit shop Magellan St
24Aug17: Jack Dwan, Hindoo, attempted murder of George Booken Singh Teven.
28Aug17: Natoo Dean assaulted Goolam Mahomet
31Aug17: Auctioneers Bangalow v. Giba Khan, farmer of Kyogle.
29Sep17: Ald White eulogy
6Oct17: Jack Dwan living tent on George Bookham’s property Teven who was also employing Boodie Singh, Yarra and Rhu Singh. Booken owed £260 . Harry Box interpreter.
23Oct17: Giba Khan, farmer of Lynche’s Creek Kyogle bankrupt. Wife and 2 children India. Owed Shar Mahomet £404.
7Nov17: L to E. Reflections on North Lismore. … it would seem that those great minds to whom the destinies of our city has been entrusted, ignore this fact (need for improvements) and regard our north side of the town as the abode of mugs, thugs, and Asiatics, whose childlike simplicity may be best ‘pleased with the rattle, or tickled with a straw.’  …
And when we recognise that we have allowed some of our streets to become thoroughfares along which no woman may walk on Sunday afternoons without becoming the topic of conversation among knots of multi-coloured hoodlums who make the air hideous with coarse jests and boisterous horse-play, and whose chief delight seems to lie in speculating upon feminine virtue, whether in the concrete or in the abstract, we begin to think that our visitors are either pulling our leg or have been shown only the ‘naicest’ part of the town
26Nov17: Muddy Khan v. Aldolphos Stead. Wages Chelmsford
29Nov17: La Singh v. Hajarrah Singh and Tommy Nutta Singh

15Jan1918: Jack Crofton drunk. Mahomet Box cattle stealing
22Jan18: Indur Singh drunk Terania St
28Jan18: Bananas returning £75/80 per acre, while cane only £35/40 per acre. Banana return was from virgin scrub 15mths earlier. Patches selling for up to £100/acre. 225 growers Tweed on 18000 acres?
24Mar18: George Bookam Singh of Stephens Creek sued Jackey Dawn.
Mahomet Box cattle stealing. Owned 500 acres of scrub and resident Hanging Rock 13yrs and was brother of nearby Sajawal Khan who owned 2 dairy farms and 200 head of cattle.
(Verdict: The jury returned a verdict of not guilty. Accused was discharged. His Honour ordered that the steer be given back to Fawlkner. This was not, he said, any reflection on the jury!!
~Mar1918: Australia’s Fight for Australians. …One thing is certain, if Australians wish to keep Australia white they must fight or pay. It is no avail shouting ‘White Australia’ if they are not prepared to back it vehemently at the point of a bayonet. Australians, and fellow countrymen, lose sight of this fact ‘that it has only been by the grace of Gad (sic) and the protection of the British flag that we have been able to keep Australia white, and at the same time, follow…. I wonder what manner of men they can be at all, and I doubt if they are men of British origin or some ghostly throwbacks…
30Apr18: Natoo assaulted by Goolan Mahomet Nth Lis
11May18: Sahail Singh farmer of Mumulgum. Casino court
11Jun18: Jimmy Nutta Singh insulted Driscoll and vice versa
29Jun18: Herman v. Delph Singh. Sydney.

6Jul18: Dava Singh drunk Woodlark
10Jul18: Indian Administration
17Jul18: Hazarrah Singh v. Harnam Singh. Harnam Singh v. Nellie Singh
18Jul18: J.C. McIntosh v. Majid Khan. Failure to surrender Nth Lis property.
24Jul18: Joalla Singh and Benanto drunk Woodlark
9Aug18: Joalla Singh v. Bisham Singh. Charles Esur witness
14Aug18: Dalip Singh drunk Bridge Street
16Aug18: Harnam Singh perjury.
7Sep18: T. Nutta Singh and Roder offer seed potatoes for sale 9/- per cwt
20Sep18: House of Diyal Singh East Ballina destroyed by fire.  Contractor of Lismore used house as weekend retreat. Insured for £100, but damage = £200
3Oct18: Terrorising Turk. Yulgilbar. Son of Scottish mother and Assyrian father?
16Oct18: Humorous Hindoo.
29Oct18: Jack Hewitt v. Utcher Singh for wages.
5Nov18: Keevers Khan drunk Terania St.
12Nov18: George Bookan Singh. Small Debts Court Ballina
27Nov18: J.C. McIntosh v. Sihab Singh. Owed £114/10/- for mortgage
5Dec18: George Bookan Singh appeal
10Dec18: Vehicle Hawkers Licenses. Michael Aboody, William Habib, Anthony Hajjar, Annie Jacobs, Charles Mahomet, Hajarrah Singh, Abdulla Skype, Annie Wickham, Calill Wickham

1919 NS
1Jan19: White Australia. … The Bishop of Gippsland…three possible options. The first is that Australia shall be peopled by a white race in sufficient numbers to give them a right to it. … The second course is that Australia shall be opened to the races of the East. This, and the third possible thing, a mingling of the white and yellow, are equally unthinkable… He has had considerable experience in India, and says that the Indians did not look kindly on Australians before the war. He advocates a strong policy of immigration of the right type of white agriculturalists from England, and states that time after time the British Tommies have said that after the war nothing would keep them away from Australia, ‘the land of the highest wages in the world.’
15Jan19: Indian Soldiers
18Jan19: Propagating Patriotism. Editorial. In any reforms by the RSL… a high moral note will be struck….Thus it might be a step towards the goal aimed at were this association of reformers to urge the Governments of the various States to have patriotism taught in the public … that a man’s duty is fulfilled first to his God, then to his country, and next to his home and domestic relations. How often was this order denied by those eligibles who considered their prime duty was to look after home and its ties instead of proceeding to the front?... Certainly we can teach a lip service to the flag, and to the institutions in the schools, and from foreigners can compel through the channel of naturalization, a surface loyalty that may satisfy the unthinking of home patriots, who accept the semblance, failing to give due concern to the reality…. Of the two the disloyal foreigner is the best; one at least can get an honest expression of his views. The man who unashamedly declares for disloyalty can be fought and beaten, while the other fellow, being false, can no more be depended on than a shadow. ..
21Jan19: Roor Singh v. Sahail Singh
3Feb19: Indians and the Cane Fields. Darbes Singh
4Feb19: Ram Sook of Nimbin v. Sahail Singh
11Feb19: Wanted – man to sink well. M.Khan and Box, gardeners Woodlawn. Tommy Nutta Singh horse and cart unattended Molesworth
26Feb19: Lallah c/- Hajarrah Singh Nth Lis
28Feb19: Diyal Singh carpenter Orion St
3Mar19: A blow and its Consequences – Afghanstan.
5Mar19: Black Bananas. – from ‘nigger’ countries
10Mar19: Black Bananas Editorial. … In a forcible setting he puts forward his case: - ‘A great many returned soldiers have taken to growing bananas as a means of earning a livelihood, and have gone to a big expense in purchasing and clearing… Our Government are now taking the bread and butter out of their mouths by allowing black bananas… Thus our boys who have fought for Australia, or who have offered to fight, are compelled to accept a few shillings per acre for their bananas…. We have fought to keep Australia free, to keep the niggers and their plantations free, and now they are allowed to starve us out of our own country. These blacks live on next to nothing and get 18s a case for their bananas, while we here in Australia are to be satisfied with 5s. … ‘Fair Dinkum re-echoes the anomaly pointed out in these columns a few issues back of keeping the colored alien away from our shores, and bringing us up against his labor…. Of course it is preposterous to think we are forever going to provide a commercial cushion for Fiji… Consider the consumers position though… He likes his Fiji article as against local products, and he squares his conscience for his disloyal taste by telling himself Fifians – perhaps the growers of the very bananas – also fought for the Empire. Unsound as against our own soldiers of course, but there it is. …
18Mar19: Nellie Keating v. Joalla Singh. Serious affray Hindoos. Boarding house Keen St. Dozen of the tribe in melee. Knives and walking sticks

1Apr19: Roor Singh farmer Nimbin v. Sahail Singh farmer Casino.  Bishan Singh v. Sahail Singh and Joalla Singh (of Coraki). Assault at Greek boarding house Keen St.  Wits Latta Singh, Athma Singh, Jimmy Nutta Singh (property holder),
1Apr19: Misiry Khan market gardener Tuncester v. Sahib Singh farmer Strathenden Casino
4Apr19: Charlie Dean assaulted Charlie Hussin Bungalora New Years Eve. Wits. Prima and Gunda Singh
5Apr19: Ernest Jarrett assaulted Charlie Esau Uki. Wit Harnam Singh
8Apr19: Ram Sook farmer on Nimbin on leased farm of Arallah v. Sahail Singh on leased land of Rorr Singh. Ram Sook’s wife Miriam witness
15Apr19: Charlie Mahomet unregistered dog
23Apr19: Giba Khan forfeits lease Lynches Creek Kyogle
Steamer for India. To Native Passengers. Room for a few natives as deck passengers to Bombay. Thomas G. Hewitt & Co agents P&O Lismore
25Apr19: British Rule in India. L to E by Mohammed Khan of Woodlawn (to do with Koran)
30Apr19: Nellie Keating v. Joallia Singh of Coraki. Wits Bisham Singh, Charlie Esau of Coraki, Hajara Singh of Lismore, Derne Singh of Lismore. Susan Savillieu, domestic servant working for Singh v. Tommy Nutta Singh. Narunga v. Gundoo of Mullum. The Indian Riots – India (Hindoos and Sikhs prominent in rioting, but not Mohammedans)
2May19: Nellie Keating and Bishan Singh in court
5May19: Black Bananas. L to E by Fair Dinkum
7May19: Sultanna v. Wingfield. Rented Wingfields house Terania St. Cremations a Pagan Ritual
12May19: A Matter of Relations – Indian banana growers Fiji (In Australia we despise them. To the Hindoos, as caterers of swine's flesh, and the Mahommedan as winebibbers, we are as dogs)
13May19: Hindoo Singh drunk Terania St
15May19: Sowing for Armageddon. L to E . White race doomed
28May19: Indian Herbalist Dead. Esur Singh Casino, brother of Hurain. Both well known throughout Northern Rivers. Esur eldest. Aged77

3Jun19: White labour/black labour bananas
15Jul19: Charley Esur v. Roor Singh Nimbin
16Jul19: Funeral Mudgee Khan
16Jul19: Pundit Nurain Singh, Sikh Kakeen, Indian Herbalist and Eye Specialist.
29Jul19: Moses Misin. Hotel groom, influenza
2Aug19: J. Nutta Singh of Nth Lis v. Harman Singh of Nth Lis. Bouncing cheque. Harman working for a Chinese market gardener. Borrowed money because wife sick. Indur Singh of Teven Creek.
4Aug19: Roor Singh v. Ram Sook. Sook’s wife Ada and Harajarrah Singh wits
7Aug19: £150 per acre paid for banana land Cobaki
12Aug19: Harman Singh (aged 48) assaulted Charlie Esau. Nellie Keating v. Harman Singh.
21Aug19: Gudgoo and Indur Singh both aged 40 drunk Molesworth
27Aug19: Harnam Singh aged 48 assaulted Charlie Esau, gardener with house Nth Lis. Nellie Keating domestic servant present. Ram Sook farmer Nimbin v. Roor Singh Nimbin
24Sep19: £1100 return for 8.5 mths – banana farm Tweed. 6yr lease at 30/- per acre. £1500 for 10 acre farm.
24Sep19: Daffedah, a Hindoo, failure to keep premises clean. Vegetable shop and home Pine St Nth Lismore.
29Sep19: Sahail Singh cremated. Just disposed of Casino property to revisit India. Brothers coming from India. Estate of £3 to 4000.
1Oct19: A. Hajjar opens The White Rose store. 51 Woodlark St next to Brown and Jolleys. Ladies and Gents outfitters and drapery.
2Oct19: Elec Lighting poll.
~10Oct19: Foreign Labor and the Soldier. L to E by Returned Soldier. It has been very interesting reading about the Chinese…. We also have a fair sprinkling of Hindoos, and it is them (or their employers) that I have a grievance with. There are a good few banana plantations in these parts and it seems to be the custom to employ all Hindoos or as many as possible to do the work thereon. In many case the land is leased outright to Hindoos. … I am not a hog for work myself, but consider I will wear a couple of them out in any job. I have worked alongside them and know. On one farm there were quite 30 Hindoos to four or five whites employed, which is not much good to Australia from an economical point of view. The Hindoo is very thrifty, but his savings in most cases go to India; certainly none of it has gone into the Peace Loan to help the returned men…. I certainly think his employer is lacking in patriotism of which many make such a big noise… It must comfort the dead, as it makes the returned smile. I thought it was to be ‘preference to soldiers’ but perhaps it reads ‘after Chows, Huns and Hindoos’…
15Oct19: Ram Sook assaulted by Roor Singh and Rallah Nimbin. Title of land in dispute. Rallah of Nimbin v. Ram Sook of Nimbin.
4Nov19: Charlie Esau storing food in sleeping apartment.
27Nov19: Harnam Singh assaults Charlie Esau, gardener/banana grower of Nth Lismore. Nettie Harman Singh wit. And Frank Emmanuel, aka Portuguese Frank. Roor Singh and Rallah assault Ram Sook. Nimbin. Ram Sook rented farm of Rallah. Roor had sold farm to Rallah then bought half back.
2Dec19: Hawkers Vehicle Licenses to Michael Aboody, Davis Coorey, William Rabib, Annie Jacobs, Charlie Mahomet, Abulla Skype, Annie Wickham, Callil Wickham
3Dec19: Nutta Singh v. Harman Singh
8Dec19: W. N. Gillies, Minister for Agriculture QLD, gives address Casino. ….Mr Massey Greene should be the last man in the world to talk about a White Australia. In 1910, in answer to a question, he said he employed Hindoos because he could not get a white man to do the work. He also said he paid the same wages as he would have paid a white man. A few years ago at Atherton there was a town of about 1000 Chinese. It was known as Chinatown. The Government had resumed a lot of the land occupied by those Chinese and had given it to returned soldiers….. Asked if his father had ever employed Hindoos, the speaker said that the person who said that was a contemptible liar. His father and no blood relation had ever employed Hindoos…..
9Dec19: Moonshe sues for wages. Plus Joalla and Milky. Nimbin
15Dec19: Fed Election results.
27Dec19: Indur Singh age 40 drunk Terania St
31Dec19: Nellie Keating age 29 insufficient means of support Nth Lis. Residing with Bisham Singh, gardener of Coraki, for last 8yrs. 20 or 30 Hindoos congregating outside Nth Lis house. Ellen Walker age 29 also charged.

1920 NS
2Jan20: Editorial Conflict of the Races.
7Jan20: Police report to council re Keating and Walker. House Nth Lis owned by Hajara Singh
17Feb20: Nutta Singh of Nth Lis sues Beardon
24Mar20: George Bouckilill Nth Lis indecent language
2May20: First aeroplane lands Lismore. BE2E.
26Jun20: Northern Star 12 words or 2 lines at 1/6d.

3Feb21: Hindoo Baboo. Horse stolen Lismore but court case Tenterfield.
19Apr21: Rallah and Buttan Singh
12Dec21: Charred remains of Hindoo found. Hadjury and Joolla, aged 57, native of Saboo Chux, Punjab, 22yrs Australia, landowner at Stoney Shoot… both in Lismore lockup.

6Dec22: Scunder Bouckillil Nth Lis indecent language
12Dec22: Pugwanna and Parberra, Hindoos, sue for wages Nimbin. Jimmy Nutta Singh Nth Lis unstamped receipts. Hawker's license to William Habib.
16Dec22: Indians in Dominions: 2000 in Australia, 600 NZ, 1100 Canada. Mr Sastri’s mission was a desire to break through the white Australia policy. Franchise the crucial question. Entitled to full benefit Australian conditions…
22Dec22: Zara Khan building Terania St. Building boom Lismore

24Feb23: Nundah charged with murder of Dava Singh Sth Lis.
24Feb23: The White Australia League. L to E.
3Mar23: Meeting of Lismore New Settlers League. + Nimbin branch formed. 7Mar23 + Casino formed
17May23: As Others See Us. In the recent conviction of an Indian for the murder of another Indian and the circumstances surrounding the crime we have a grim commentary on the ‘white Australia’ policy (writes the Sydney correspondent of the Melbourne ‘Age’). It was evidently a religo-racial quarrel, the victim being a Hindu, and the murderer a Mohammedan; and the crime was committed at or near Lismore, one of the most progressive and flourishing inland towns in Australia, but with a nasty coloured smear across is prosperous face. At Lismore the visitor who drives round to see the little city is invited to cross the river for the coloured settlement as one of the ‘sights’ of the place, and there, within a few minutes of the heart of the town, sees people young and old, from patriarchs to babies, of all shades of colour between yellow and coal black. In numbers, too, and superficially in all shades of living conditions, Indians seem to predominate, but you would hesitate to say that any national skin pigment was not there. The wondering tourist asks himself whether he is one of the polyglot East Indies rather than in a country which proclaims an all-white policy.

Mid 1925: Mr Dunn real estate agent: 1921 to 1924 rents static but started to fall in last 6mths. Boom conditions now over. There were numerous persons desirous of selling, but few purchases were to be found. He thought that the present conditions were the result of over speculation, and conditions throughout the district would improve in the next 12 months. Mr George Walter Exton stated that there had been no increase in rents, as a rule, for the last three or four years.
Mr John Deegan, an agent, said that he had not sold many houses in the last 18mths.
Dunn: It would not be right to say that North Lismore was an undesirable locality. It was regarded as the alien quarter, but there were many good citizens residing there.
1Jul25: Mr H. Habib writes about Gundurimba Rd

25Jul25: White Australia. Educating Foreigners. James Pholi, a young Indian, stealing.
16Sep25: Keep Country White.
10Dec25: Sikhs donate £41/8/- to hospital. 42 names listed.

6Jan26: Orthodox Hindu. Repeat of article in Indian paper.
23jan26: Friendly Critic. Results of federation: White Australia. Indian Comments. White Australia- London
30Jan26: Section of North Lismore renamed Oakfield.
20Feb26: T. Nutta Singh. Notice to Debtors.
29Feb26: Hindu Fanaticism. India.
8May26: North and South Lismore to be connected to sewerage.
11May26: Harnharm v. Tommy Nutta Singh. Larceny
19May26: Prohibited Immigrants. Great American problem.
19May26: 50^th anniversary of Northern Star.
25May26: Tommy Nutta Singh stole £50 from Harnarm. Dismissed. Basuta Singh and Lukka + Esur Singh. Tommy Nutta Singh bankrupt. Owed £4000.
30Jun26: Mows Khan, farmer of Cawongla and been Richmond district 30yrs, set fire to cotton in Tommy Nutta Singh’s shop North Lismore. Mows had assaulted Nutta Singh 2yrs ago. Had breakfast Deen’s place Nth Lis. Tommy owed: £300 to Gudeta, £100 to Gundoo, £500 to Misery Khan, £400 to Esur, £100 to Ralla, £50 to Harnarm, £150 to Joalla, £175 to Chunder Singh, £100 to Butchan Singh, £600 to Brahm Singh. Latter had mortgage over property.
30Jun26: Mohs Khan of Cawongla. Arson Nth Lis
18Aug26: Weekly Wage Payments. Hindoos object – India.
15Sep26: Suicide Tintenbar. Sunner Singh aged 50/60 camping in old cottage with compatriot Baby Ditto. Hung himself in hut.
16Sep26: Hindoo cremated Lismore in small portion of Lismore General Cemetery set aside for purpose. Chapel erected. 15 countrymen witnesses. Another Hindoo cremated some weeks previously on same site. Old resident Hindoo aged 80 performed ceremony. Lismore possesses probably only cremating grounds in the district and all bodies are brought to Lismore for cremation. (suicide of Japanese 2wks later Kyogle.) + Allum Khan of Tregeagle.
4Oct26: Assyrian Alexander Correy aged 20 drowns Grady’s Creek Casino. Only 3mths Aust. Mother and brother in Casino. RC Ceremony.
5Oct26: House of Anthony Coory, ‘Hindoo’, on ridge facing Warrazambel St, Kyogle, burnt down. (Syrian/Lebanese)
12Oct26: Annie Chandica, widow with children who had state aid withdrawn, caught shop lifting with George Hamarm Singh
9Nov26: Nampt Khan, storekeeper Casino, dangerous driving.
16Nov26: Booba Khan v. Allum Khan.
5Dec26: Misery Khan v. Tully
9Dec26: Roland Green MHR believes strongly in White Australia Policy following trip to Far East.

11Jan27: Francis Alex Khan v. Allum Khan threatening language. Threats made in ‘Hindustani.' Partners Tregeagle banana farm.
16Feb27: Lismore Cemetery Trust. Council is trustee of Hindoo portion, Mahommedan section, Salvation Army Section. 4 trustees of Jewish section.
14May27: A Warning to Australia. Editorial. White Australia. Asiatic Menace.
30May27: Indian Potentate at Lismore. Diwan Bahadur Rangachairiar and 2 sons. Civic reception. Writing to the Northern Star, Mr F.A. Khan, who with several Indian residents of Lismore district was present at the railway station…. Visit to bungalow residence of K.Dean of Lismore.
14Jun27: Hugh Robert Enholm, a young man of foreign descent. Vagrancy. The Hindoos are after me. I was preaching the gospel to them…. On being placed in a cell said ‘The Hindoos will get me in here…
18Jun27: India’s Representative Meets Countrymen at Lismore. Large Photo. Front row, Employee of the Diwan; F.A. Khan; Diwan Bahadur Rangacharair; the Mayor of Lismore (Ald C. McKenzie); son of the Diwan; A. Shah
Back Row: Unknown in Turban; Jamita; son of the Diwan; Mr McKenzie jnr; Allie Box; W. Khan.
Spent day and a half Lismore on return from QLD. Visited Mr Allie Box’s banana plantation at Blakebrook. The Diwan’s countrymen acquainted him of their position in the district, and he expressed pleasure that so many were making such material progress. They explained various methods by which they had achieved success and some of the disabilities under which they laboured. He promised to bring the latter under the notice of his Government.
It is interesting to note that in a leading article in the ‘Northern tar’ in 1894 the arrival in the Richmond River district of the first three natives of India was chronicled. The article pointed out that as they were British subjects there was no bar to them securing freehold tenure of land, and it was possible that their success might lead to an influx of their countrymen.
After 33yrs there are certainly many more than three natives in the district, but the large influx has not materialized, although many have secured freehold tenure, while many more work leased properties.
The Diwan and his party were met at the railway station by the Mayor and a number of the former’s countrymen, who accommodated him on his various visits. From the date of his arrival in Australia the Diwan’s movements have been a source of great interest to his countrymen settled in Australia, and they anxiously await his report to the Indian Government on settlement in the Commonwealth. Messrs G.B. and N Khan and K. Deen of North Lismore, took part in the welcome in addition to those shown in the photograph.
27Jun27: Undesirables deported. All British.
8Jul27: A White Australia. Editorial
9Jul27: Foreign Questions. Editorial Racial Riots. Moslems and Hindus in Balltle – India.
13Sep27: George Hajjar riding bicycle on footpath.
16Sep27: Ald. R. White
20Sep27: Manga Rhodda, a Hindoo, charged with being a prohibited immigrant. Failed dictation test. Plus Abdul Hag and Mata Deen.
29Sep27: William Darrant v. Geba Khan, veggie grower of Tuncester.
7Oct27: Callo Kooloobdeen, alias Natale Deen, of Hanging Rock, prohibited immigrant. 33yrs Aust. Mahomed Ashen Sharif, alias Abdul Hag, ditto.
11Oct27: Prohibited Immigrants. Const Wright of Lismore has been having quite a busy time amongst the Hindoos… 3 illegals last month… with the cunning of the race they denied the charges. Two more last week. Jackie Mahomed and Naz Mahomed.
25Oct27: Misery Khan of Jiggi.
8Oct27: Australia Fair .editorial. Commonwealth inundated by undesirables of foreign birth. White Australia in jeopardy. Chinese stowaways. The Richmond River district has even come in for its share in this connection, for it is only a week or so ago that a batch of Hindoos were brought before the Lismore Police Court on a charge of being prohibited immigrants…. Now in prison.
19Oct27: Indians in Australia. Divan Bahadur Rangacharion lectures in India. He remarked that Indians were well treated in Australia. There was no colour prejudice…?
26Oct27: Hindu arrested at Keerrong. Shar Mohammed. Makes 10 so far charged and convicted as prohibited immigrants. £200 bail. Compatriots can’t raise it.
(This Shar Mohammed probably not Casino identity. Casino Shar resident in district for 22yrs wef 1923 when he tried to re-sponsor his brother Gulam Mohamed with reference from Mr T.M. Hewitt, proprietor of Northern Star. Also made direct appeal to R.F.H. Green MHR. Had wife with him 1923. Gulam, of Village of Ismailah, District of Gujrat, Punjab, in Aust 1895-1903 and had been trying to re-enter country for 20yrs.)
15Dec27: Immigration Figures. Editorial. White Australia.

1928 NS
3Mar28: Colonel F.J. Board designs Cinema Hall for D. Singh of Wyangarie.
10Mar28: White Mens Ways. – 2 Hindus take out life insurance policies Lismore. Aboriginals not accepted so agent checks legality of Hindus.
30mar28: White Australia – Amazing Attack France – Sarcasm & Sneer.
31Mar28: Kyogle Court. 3 Hindus prohibited immigrants. Malla Doolah, Fatty Deen Emmalui, Fatta Kurun Bux. Ship deserters arrested Horseshoe Creek. Violet Joseph, a coloured woman, working for Mowas Khan at Cawonga. Maybe his daughter?
9Apr28: Sunta Singh drunk. Allie Box driving under influence.
4Apr or 12May28 (23Apr28 Tentefield): Bones of Hindoo found Richmond River. Meah Khan of Coraki cremated Lismore. Pollution of water supply. Repellent in white minds.
21May28: Hindus extorted. Periphial to another case.
26May28: Race War. White Australia. England will save us, not America.
2Jun28: Nowas Khan and Ferris Khan trespassing Aborigine Reserve South Kyogle.
27Jun28: 2 storey boarding house Nambour owned by Roor Singh goes up in smoke.
30Jun28: Lows Khan in court
4Jul28: Jimmy Nutta Singh house Pitt St North Lismore destroyed by fire. £300 insurance
7Jul28: Mows Khan. Half Caste, Mary Hazel Williams, aged 14yrs and 4mths. At Cawongla.
18Jul28: Charles Mahomet granted hawkers license.
17Aug28: Lismore Indian Soldier. Indian and son, unnamed, served AIF. Live Lismore, but anxious to spend declining years in India and wants land grant in India.
22Aug28: Lal Singh applies for ejection order against Attah Singh, Mullumbimby.
22Aug28: George Singh and Karl John Back. Bankruptcy proceedings.
19Sep28: Small Debts Court. 3 Hindoos, a chinaman and an Italian. Boola Singh v. Tommy Yong/Young Both market gardeners Leycester Creek. Witnesses Gundoo and Hajurie.
27/28Sep28: Ramut Khan, Mary Elizabeth Khan, Tommy Nutta Singh. Khan was market gardener of Naughton’s gap. Aged 54, born Punjab. Landed 1889, met wife Broken Hill, married 1908. Then Cloncurry where marriage repeated in Mahommedan ceremony. 8yrs later in Cairns, then Landsborough, then South Brisbane where marriage repeated in Cof E ceremony 1920. 4 children. Came Lismore 1925. Lived next to Singh’s shop Nth Lis. Witness: Jack Dewan, a Hindu, 25yrs Aust. + Ram Chun. Interpreter = Mursit Khan. Jimmy Nutta Singh, resident Lismore 30yrs and storekeeper 3yrs.
Separate Article: Humour at Court.
3Oct28: Death in India. Mr N.C. Hewitt writes:- Old residents will learn with regret of the death in India, two months ago, of Mr Atta Mahomet Shar, who for some years carried on a storekeeping business at Wyrallah over twenty years ago…. After very large areas of scrub were put down. This was followed by paspalum grass and a most profitable trade sprang up in the seed of this grass, the principal buyer being Queensland. European labour was scarce and uncertain. The inevitable result was an influx of Indians, so that within a decade their numbers ran into thousands, being treble what it is today….One of earliest Indians Richmond, came in the ‘nineties’… interpreter with brother Walli… Englishman Mr C.A.S. Lillingstone of Yugilbar was interpreter until Shars took over. …

8Jan29: Novab Khan. House Pitt Lane Nth Lis burnt down. + home of Rhan Chund + Jimmy Nutta Singh
22Jan29: Jimmy Nutta Singh v. Ram Chund. Suspect Arson
1Feb29: Nth Lis fire inquest
7Mar29: Brawl Bridge St. Billy Narunga, Jimmy Lucca, Tannoo, Nabob Khan, Atta Singh, Dosanta Singh, Indur Singh.
12Mar29: Baba Pohre, farmer Horseshoe Crk Kyogle
23May29: Muddy Ram and Taram Singh in court. Mullumbimby. Grass seed business partners. + Bram Singh
28May29: George Bouckalil in Nth Lis football team. + brother Lewis. Punched Arthur Davis, fish and chip shop owner Nth Lis.
23Jul29: James Abdro, Assyrian hawker of North Lis living Jabor’s house. + Badhar Peter
30Jul29: Harry Singh employing Bin Doo of Tullera.
20Aug29: Napoleon Pholi unlicensed driver
11Sep29: Ramet Khan of Casino
15Oct29: Hindus in Court. Billy Narunga and others
22Oct29: Jimmy Nutta Singh assaulted by tenant in his Bridge St house. Rented to Emily Burke, her mother and child. Harry Atta Singh and Billy Narunga
24Oct29: Jimmy Nutta Singh. More on tenant case
1Nov29: Mrs T. Nutta Singh of St Helena Rd., Bangalow
8Nov29: Thomas Singh of Corndale injured.
11Nov29: Bindoo’s Cutting Kyogle named after a ‘dusky settler.’
13Nov29: William Moore, aborigine, stealing from Aullia, Hindu of Caniaba, Dunoon Rd. + Steve Roberts aborigine. Italian witness Ballaran working for Hindu. Billy Narunga and Atta Singh. Non-local licensed hawkers appearing in town.
14Nov29: Segregation of coloured children Tweed Heads
19Nov29: Anthony Hajjar and wife, hawker of Nth Lis v. Abdullah Skype, storekeeper of Sth Lis. Leo Gava, drover, witness.
26Nov29: Cottage Zariat Khan Johnson St
23Nov29: Hindoo Litigants. Apology from Star for reversing defendant/litigant in Harry Atta Singh v. Billy Narunga case.

7Jan30: Charlie Lalla v. Billy Narunga, farmer of Nimbin. Ram Chund, Utcha Singh and Jimmy Nutta Singh.
8Jan30: Mahomet Khan v. tenant Cardine Box. Casino.
17Jan30: Mick Raminious, Peter Badahar and A. Rafoul, Syrian Hawkers, tenants in Joseph Bracks house in Beris St Nth Lismore. House destroyed fire. Bracks Casino resident.
14Jan30: Boobah Khan v. Glaum Rasuai of Bungabbee. Over share of goos of Nazir Mahomet recently deported to Bombay.
11Mar30: Mohammed Aulia, babana plantation Caniaba.
25Mar30: Jimmy Nutta Singh assaulted at home Bridge St, Nth Lis
15Apr30: Charlie Lallah v. Ram Chund.
29Apr30: Sunday trading licenses to Anthony Skype and Sarah J. Granatelli
7May30: Nampt Khan, market gardener of Bonalbo, v. William Baker
9May30: Photo Billy Narunga and prospective bride with caption: IN THE PUBLIC EYE: Some people seek fame; others have it thrust upon them. The proposed marriage of the North Lismore residents shown above has created some comment locally, probably more than expected by the middle-aged Hindu and his would-be white bride. The girl is stated to be about 16 years of age, and her parents have consented to the union. The present hitch is the refusal of Lismore ministers to perform the ceremony, though it is understood that there is no legal bar to the marriage.
17May30: Letter to Ed by Billy Narubga. Why has so much fuss been displayed over my contemplated marriage to Miss Clar Ridley? I reside on my farm at Nimbin, and have been living in the Richmond district for about 30 years. I have been sober and industrious, obeying the laws of the State, and I challenged anyone to say otherwise. I am not a Hindoo, but an Indian Sikh, just as much a British subject as if I was born in any English colony. I have never at any time offered any money or bribe to the girl's parents, and when I made proposal of marriage I was told that I must go to her father and mother to obtain consent. The consent was given, and preparations were made for the wedding. We then went to Canon Moore's residence and were told to wait six months. We also went to the registrar's office, and were told to wait a week. During the last two years two other Indian gentlemen have married white ladies and have proved themselves real good husbands.
20May30: Atta Singh expired driver's license and Billy Narunga expired car rego.
21May30: Writ Against Newspaper. Mr Walter Ridley of North Lismore sues "Smith's Weekly" for £1000 over comments on marriage.
28May30: W. Bouckillil garage Terania St Nth Lis
17Jun30: Anthony Coory vehicle parking fine.
18Jun30: Alexander Khan drunk Casino
21Jun30: M. Singh house Hallen St
25Jun30: Bill Narunga and Khiro Deen write to council re roadworks North Lismore. Rejected
21Jul30: 'The Bill Sykes Brigade'?
22Jul30: Building approved J. Nutta Singh Pine St Nth Lis
23Jul30: Estate of Chundah Singh, late of Ballina. Joalla Singh executor. (Died 1926 aged 61, aka Summer Singh aged 66?)
9Aug30: Messrs Hajjar & Sons. Auction of bankrupt stock.
12Aug30: Misery Khan fined for incorrect parking Molesworth St
21Aug30: Road known as 'Ram Singh's Turnoff' at Bagotville.
16Oct30: Thomas Abdullah of Pigman Creek, Casino.
17Oct30: William Megher v. Shar Sowar.
29Oct30: Joseph Bracks of Teresa Creek. William Bouckilli v. Frank Randall.
12Nov30: Damage to Jimmy Nutta Singh's premises North Lismore
4Dec30: Diyal Singh, Builder and General Contractors 88 Oriobn St
9/25Dec30: A. Skype, approval for cottage Union St, Sth Lis.
10Dec30: Booba Khan, aged 59, negligent driving of horse and cart Molesworth St. + Building owned by Nampth Khan Casino destroyed by fire.
15/16Dec30: A.M. Nowland v. Billy Narunga of Nth Lis re Legal costs Child Welfare Dept v. Riley and libel case against Smith's Weekly.
16Dec30: "Mercy", ' a blackman', residing Jimmy Nutta Singh's house Nth Lis.
19Dec30: Mows Khan gets £504 for sale of farm, but has debts. Zabreb Khan witness. + B. Singh given permission to harvest grass seed from side of roads Mullum (providing that heaps of grass were kept away from positions where they might frighten horses.)
31Dec30: Hillway donates to Casino Hospital.

20Jan31: Billy Narunga ejects tenant Joseph Holmes. + Tarka Singh, farmer of Blue Knob, assaulted by his share farmer.
2Feb31: Falla Deen v. Asurial and Akbar. Ballina.
3Feb31: Jimmy Nutta Singh, freeholder of Pitt St Nth Lis v. Arthur Henry Brown re insulting words. Magistrate said Singh is one of my regular spectators here.
10Feb31: Record Flood. ...At the showground Mr H. Pritchard has been a 'fairy godmother' to more than 150 refugees, aborigines, Hindus and whites, who are destitute...
17Feb31: J. Nutta Singh approved for house additions Bridge St
23Feb31: Dr Herward Leighton Kestervan of Bullahdelah sues Catholic priest for £2000.
24Feb31: Meeting of creditors of Mows Khan of Cawongla.
3Mar31: Tedjah Singh, market gardener of Numulgi v. Victor King, aborigine aged 18. King living at Cameron's Nth Lis and looking for work. + Brother Daniel King. + Billy Babu of Tuncester.
9Apr31: Lismore solicitor Albert Murray Nowland threatens to sell all Narunga assets. 8 properties North Lismore and 3 lots in the adjacent Peates Paddock Subdivision.
16Apr31: Anthony Skype gets Sunday trading license.
23Apr31: Napoleon and Clarence Pholi steal 5 cases grapes, 2 cases tomatoes and 1 case apples from John Feros.
28Apr31: Asmail and father Akbar Deen forging and uttering
1May31: Above of Dunoon forged defamatory letter to Allardi of the Punjab.  Milky Ram interpreter. Allardi was aunt of Fatah Deen, market gardener of Dunoon, who gave land to accused, who were to return to India but arrested. Akbar going to Milwal village to ask Nubby Box for permission to marry his daughter. Witness Marn Deen of Teven + Ibraham Box and father Kream Box, gardener of Dunoon. Kream Box had trouble with Akbar over bananas.
4/15/19May31/2Jun31: Napoleon and Clarence Pholi, aged 31 and  33. Clarence living in house tenanted by a Chinese.
6May31: Tarka Singh underpays employee.
14May31: Estate of Chunda Singh. Jewallah Singh of Ballina.
25May31: Nan Khan, fruiterer of Terania St
2Jun31: George Hajjar riding bike without light.
7Jul31: Bindoo applies for ejection order against tenant.
17Jul31: Narunga applies to eject tenant (using new lawyer)
22Jul31: Keba Khan operating gaming house North Lismore. + 12 Hindus, including 5 with the Surname Singh, witnesses in case of Bishin Bass suing. Gundoo for wages.
13Aug31: Salem Anthony shop Walker St Casino.
13Aug31: Keba Khan gambling at house Johnston St Nth Lis.
18Aug31: Munga, Hindu, drunk.
1Sep31: Diyal Singh Jnr offers self and lorry to service of Lismore electricity department.
7Sep31: Fr A. Yazbeck, guest of Syrian Maronite Community Murbah. Ministers to 3500 Australian community with Fr Dahdad.
8Sep31: Billy Narunga applies for ejection order against Charles Abdullah.
9Sep31: Fr Yazbeck, 38yrs Aust, now guest Lismore homes of Anthony W. Habib and his mother and Mr and Mrs Mansour Jabour. Says Mass St Joseph's Church South Lismore.
10Sep31: Jewallah Singh returning to India after taking 18mths to settle affairs of uncle Chundah Singh, who is remembered on the Richmond for his magnificent physique and business acumen, accumulating £14,000 at the time of his death. Milkhiram was interpreter for Jewallah, who presented £50 to Mayor Tighe for the unemployed of Ballina.
3Nov31: Navy Box ill treating horse.
27Nov31: Lal Singh of Main Arm assaulted by Harold Wallace.
2Dec31: Collectors Licence granted to Atta Singh
7Dec31: George Abraham, an elderly Hindoo, drowns Teven Creek. Recently came from Armidale.
18Dec31: Badhar Peter hawkers license.
31Dec31: Peter Isher Singh, dairy farmer Blindmouth, Mullum. Dirty dairy.

1Jan32: A recent prosecution on the North Coast adds strength to many people's objections to members of coloured races being permitted to dairy in Australia. Actually there is no legal bar, and an aborigine or a Hindu is as much entitled to conduct a dairy as any Australian, but (and it would allay the prejudice that does exist) there should be no great difficulty in amending the regulations to make medical examination compulsory for coloured dairy farmers.
5Jan32: Kevr Khan, market gardener of North Lismoer.
11Jan32: Rahm Chund, Hindoo aged 50 of North Lismore, murdered by Rahm Singh. Chund shared cottage with Munchy Singh who found body.
12Jan32: Rham Singh aged 50, ex Tuncester, arrested. Chund living on rents from a number of properties. + funeral. 500 whites watch cremation. Harry Singh, 'the tribe's god man', of Coffee Camp. Braham Singh of Byron Bay, Nundah of Lismore, Golla Singh of Stoney Shute, Billy Narunga of Nth Lis, Tommy Nutta Singh of Ewingsdale, Bobbie Barbo of Tuncester, Munchy Ram of Nth Lis, Atta Singh, Jache Dewob, Disson Singh, Nutta and Ameh Singh.
15Jan32: Jimmy Nutta Singh says Charlie Nundah ('a thick-set man with a black beard') threatened to kill him. Nundah released from prison Mar31 for manslaughter Dava Singh 1923 and now lives house owned by Jimmy Nutta. But Nundah had left his house and affairs in care of Nutta and claims Nutta owes him. Cross charge of insulting words. Witnesses Tagara Singh, Jack Bier Singh (market gardener Teven), Mick Singh (market gardener of Coffee Camp), Charlie Abdullah, Tommy Nutta Singh.
22Jan32: Jimmy Nutta Singh v. Charlie Nundah threatening words. + Louis Bouckallil, shop assistant McDermotts
29Jan32: Tommy Nutta Singh dairy charge Mullum.
30Jan32: Jimmy Braham Singh assaulted by Field and Byrne. Byron Bay.
1Feb32: Jimmy Nutta Singh came Aust 23yrs ago and bought property Bridge St. Rham Singh, Monshie Rham (gardener Pitt Lane), Charlie Nundah (greengrocer), Ali Box (interpreter).
12Feb32: Gundoo v. Charlie Lalla.
19Feb32: Goondoo, market gardener of Dundoon Rd v. Charlie Lalla. + Harman Singh on dole.
27Feb32: Brahn Singh assault case Byron.
8Mar32: Clarence Pholi, unregistered lorry.
22Mar32: Michael Aboody applies to eject tenant 63 Terania St Nth Lis.
29Mar32: Dava Singh, aged 50, run over by horse and cart Nimbin Road. Wheels go over chest.
1Apr32: Rham Singh, an elderly Hindu, acquitted of murder. Charged with assault of Moochie Singh.
2Apr32: Hindu Tragedy. Rham Singh case.
15/27Apr32: Hindus and Axe. Rham Chund, Mouchie Rhan, Rham Singh. Pitt Lane Nth Lis
15/19/22/27Apr/17May32: Jolla (farmer Nimbin) v. Jimmy Nutta Singh
19Apr32: Anthony Hajjar hawkers license. + Frazal Mohammed of Naughton's Gap no relation to Shaer Mohammed, gardener of Naughton's Gap.
22Apr32: Morris Coorey hawkers license.
4May32: Billy Narunga overdue rates.
6/8Jun32: Keber Khan aged 66 of Nth Lis and daughter Kathleen Khan aged 16. Kathleen previously ward of State and not seen by father for 13yrs.
18Jul32: Joalla, Hindu fruit and veggie hawker of Friday Hut Road, assaulted.
22Jul32: Jimmy Nutta Singh v. Munchie Ram.
5Aug32: Miss M. Skype of Musical Society.
6Aug32: Hughes v. Sheer Singh.
31Aug32: W. Bouckallil, 2 cottages Terania St and 1 Bray St.
18Sep32: W. Bouckillil house Simmons Lane.
4Oct32: Bangalow Show 1897-1932. Hindu's Fought 'Battle' in 1909.... Numbering about 200, explained Mr Clark, the belligerents selected portion of the railway lines as their fighting line.... next year ticket collectors relieved beturbaned visitors of their sticks...
5Dec32: Munchie Ram v. Jimmy Nutta Singh
17Dec32: Hawkers foot license to Abraham Joseph. Hawkers pack license to Anthony William Habib, Minsour Jabour, Badhar Peter, Morris Coorey.
31Dec32: Unique Burial. Mahomedan Custom. Charlie Abullah buried...a favourite Mahomedan in the Lismore district...at times a hawker and market gardener... looked to for advice by other Mahomedans... Fazal Abdullah led ceremony

4Jan33: Fazil Wahid suicide Sydney.
16Jan33: Napoleon Pholi, gardener of Goolmangar, assaulted Tatts Hotel. Argument over who was 'blacker'
4Feb33: Ramadan. Mohammedan Fast. Bungabee 'Mosque'. ....55 of the North Coast's 80 to 90 Mohammedans had a Christmas at Bungabee.... There are only a few Mohammedans in the Richmond River district without a fair command of English. Time and association with Australians has not changed their customs nor the movements of a gentle looking aged Mohammedan priest, Fizil Abdul. He has been 32 years in Australia, but came to this district about 15 months ago. He lives in North Lismore, but makes periodic trips to other areas.....
19Apr33: Gordon Ali of Casino
20Apr33: Gotti, Hindu, market Gardener of Blakebrook, aged 50, run over by horse and cart.
9May33: Munchie Ram v. Jimmy Nutta Singh
12May33: Francis Nicholls v. Joseph Bracks, both farmers of Theresa Creek, Casino
21Jul33: Ghulam Mahommed v. J.A. Khan. Dispute over sale banana plantation.
15Aug33: Mahomet v, O'Reilly Casino
19Aug33: Fadda Mahommed, Mahomed Saudy, Beer Singh, donate veggies to hospital.
5Sep33: Michael Abdullah, aka Avedo Michael Basic, herbalist, false advertising. Claimed to be 'physical health specialist for all complaints and diseases of the body.'
14Sep33: Ballot for 18 farms Theresa Crk, 25 miles north-west Casino. 548 applications. 271 rejected. Mullum Calm drew a block (Mows/Mohs/Mohammed Khan?)
28Sep33: Kyogle and District Development League protest that Hindu allowed into ballot while 2 returned soldiers and other suitable eligibles rejected. Decided on ...emphatic protest against Hindus being given preference over returned soldiers... It was a crying shame that Crown lands should fall into the hands of Hindus, who generally made no attempt to improve their holdings beyond the erection of unsightly shacks....
29Sep33: Lal Singh v. employee William Mills of Main Arm
30Sep33: Casino RSL protest. ...It was a rotten thing that an alien should get land while a Britisher was left in the cold....
3Oct33: Zara Khan has unsightly sheds on property Johnstone St North Lismore. Divided into seven domiciles, all erected without council approval. Two occupied by Hindus, two by Europeans and aborigines, and three solely by aborigines. The tent is occupied by Hindus - making a total of eight households. I estimate that there are 22 persons staying on the premises, said the health inspector. ...If the council does not take some action in the matter we will have the same trouble as we experienced some time ago, said Ald. S. Arthur. When one or two aborigines were given permission to camp along the river bank all the others wanted to do the same. The council now had a definite settlement and the aborigines should be made to stay there.... One lot of buildings in North Lismore the speaker described as a terrace of shacks. That a very strict inspection should be made by the health inspector of fruit handled by Hindus and aborigines was the opinion expressed by Ald. G. Krauss. Some of this fruit, he declared, was taken into bedrooms at night, and hawked around for sale the next day.... On the suggestion of Ald Eggins it was decided that the health inspector should be instructed to visit Tuncester and submit a report on whether the buildings there were sufficient to house the aborigines... + State of unemployment camps at Albert Park.
3Oct33: Miss A. Khan passenger New England Airways.
24Oct33: Land Ballot, Minister's Reply to Kyogle. Minister for Lands, Buttenshaw MLA, says no can fix as Hindus had right to enter ballot. ...After a long discussion which covered the ability of the Hindu to engage in dairy farming, the menace to white women which Hindus presented in lonely settlements, the question of apportioning small areas of mountainous country to Hindus for the cultivation of bananas and vegetables, the infringement of the White Australia policy, the question of altering the personnel of the Land Board, and the necessity of introducing amending legislation to debar Hindus, it was decided.... to inform the Minister that the league was not satisfied....
28/29Nov33: Mahomed Ismaiel in court
30Nov33: Charlie Nundah v. Jimmy Nutta Singh. Nundah went prison 1923 and gave Singh power of attorney to sell £450 worth of jewellery and contents of his boarding house North Lismore to pay legal bill. Singh said he got £37 for the lot. Gundoo, Charlie Lallah and Billy Narunga, witnesses.
1Dec33: Hesnie and Anthony William Habib, executors of William Habib (d. 27Nov1927), sue Simon Coorey
21Dec33: Post Office manages to deliver letter from India addressed to 'Port of Lidge' (Lismore), 'Nousall Bale' (NSW), 'Rishband Juva' (Richmond River)
30Dec33: Devan Singh, probably St Helena, market gardener, storing fruit and veggies in hut where he sleeps.

8Jan34: Charles Najor & Co, General Drapers and Mercers, opens 17 Woodlark Street.
18Jan34: 'Syrian Gentlemen' welcomed at Irish Musical Festival meeting at St Carthage's Cathedral.
19Mar34: Lal Singh banana plantation Mullum, employing 3 labourers.
6Mar34: Aboody Zahloot house Terania Street.
24Mar34: Miss K. Bouckallil in St Carthage's Choir.
17Apr34: Zarait Khan another cottage Bright St.
8May34: Harry Singh banana plantation West Nimbin.
31May34: Meeting Richmond District Council of the Primary Producers Union at Casino. ...Motion to press for an amendment of the Dairy Industries Act, so that Hindus will not be allowed to milk in registered dairies. Mr Buckley said that if Hindus were allowed to dabble in dairying it would have a detrimental effect on the industry. If it got about that Hindus were milking cows less butter would be eaten. .... In reply to a delegate Mr Gibson said there were only three or four in the district. The motion was defeated by a big majority.
4Jun34: Hindu woman gives birth in back of lorry Mullumbimby. Wife of Hindu labourer on banana plantation 8 miles from Mullum. Driver bogged lorry in creek and had to be towed out by horses from nearby farm. Met by doctor 3 miles from Mullum.
12Jun34: Zarait Khan approval for additions house Johnston St and garage for Dyail Singh Woodlark St.
25Jun34: Death Clarence W. Crowley JP, of Lismore 1906-1910, who organised the Asiatic community's subscriptions to the Lismore Hospital...
17Jul34: Kham Singh, Hindu fruit carter with 2 storey house Lake St North Lismore, charges Janet Beach and Nancy Woody (male) with breaking into his home.
30Oct34:  Gursam/Gursain Singh, banana plantation Coffee Camp, assaulted and robbed by Victor King, aborigine, North Lismore. (+7Dec34. Billy Narunga witness.)
13Nov34: Zariat Khan fined for using storeroom as residence - Johnstone St. '...Formerly he erected hideous structures which housed all manner of people.'
14Nov34: James Malouf, women's wear store Star Court Arcade.
28Nov34: Cara Deen, market gardener Bungabee. Harry Saad, Elliott Rd, Sth Lis.
3Dec34: Joe Aboud, clothing store 188 Walker St Casino
18Dec34: Badhar Peter, hawker's pack license

5Jan35: Beer Singh, 50yr old banana grower but currently looking for work, killed road accident Condong. (7Dec35 cremation, 12 Hindus and 25 spectators.)
30Jan35: Hajjar's Sure Saving Store opens 43 Keen, opposite school.

28Aug39: Molo Box, a Mahommedan, dies aged 85 after accident Bungabee. Born Aour, Julundur. Visited India 3yrs ago. Widow still India.
17Dec49: Almost entire population of the village of Kfarsghab, North of Beirut, Lebanon, on their way sponsored by rellies. 46 arrived yesterday. Most will work Tweed banana plantations. Mr George of Inverell will meet his brother for the first time in 25yrs.

27Dec1983: The district’s oldest resident, Mr Nathan-Ram Singh died last week at the age of 106. Longevity due ‘no cake, no cigarettes and no drink’. Natha (Ram) came Aust as a 15 year old in 1890 and spent most of his early years around the Mullum/Byron district. Returned to family in the Punjab ~1908 and after a long stay moved on to Argentina for 7 years to work with a brother before returning to India for a shorter stay. Came back Aust ~1920 and settled at Cumberland near Ballina ~1927, but 20yrs later moved on to Teven where he was still living at the time of his death. Wife, Deepu, and one child, Kartara, predeceased him. [Three marriages, with children from each – see Gabbi]. His grandchildren through his sons, Stephen and Santokh, are now mainstream Australians. (See also ‘Centarians of the North Coast’ compiled by the Casino and District Family History Group Inc 2000, and ‘Time and Tide – A History of Byron Bay’ by Maurice Ryan 1984, pg 101)
[An earlier ‘old age’ record breaker was Besant Singh who died in 1947 at age 105. He landed Aust ~ 1887 and was living with his 84yr old nephew Tarcora at Teven at the time of his death. Maybe the same Basunta Singh, banana grower of Rous Mill in the 1930s. Another contender was Bela Singh, who was ‘over 90’ when he was badly burnt when his shack on Mr S. Greech’s property at Upper Dunbible went up in smoke in early 1948. He fought with the British forces in the Afghanistan war of 1878. He had worked for Greech for about 6 or 7 years some years earlier until retiring to the shack on the property.]