|
Aliens of the
Tweed and Brunswick
ANNEX Ab
|
Birthplace |
1947 |
1954 |
1961 |
1966 |
1971 |
|
|
Byron |
Mullum |
Tweed |
Byron |
Mullum |
Tweed |
Byron |
Mullum |
Tweed |
Byron |
Mullum |
Tweed |
Byron |
Mullum |
Tweed |
|
Australia |
8188 |
1525 |
18,127 |
8218 |
1882 |
19,595 |
7892 |
1840 |
20,954 |
7425 |
1879 |
21,593 |
7211 |
1766 |
22,303 |
|
NZ |
28 |
7 |
56 |
26 |
6 |
73 |
25 |
7 |
63 |
27 |
3 |
81 |
45 |
12 |
132 |
|
UK etc |
383 |
65 |
798 |
345 |
77 |
834 |
299 |
65 |
780 |
288 |
52 |
807 |
316 |
49 |
913 |
|
Germany |
1 |
0 |
11 |
6 |
0 |
35 |
10 |
0 |
48 |
10 |
0 |
50 |
14 |
3 |
50 |
|
Greece |
45
(32m/13f)
|
5
(3/2)
|
112
(92/20)
|
82 (54m/28f) |
27
(19/8)
|
123
(89/34)
|
60
(38/22)
|
30
(20/10)
|
139
(85/54)
|
36 (21/15) |
17 (11/6) |
95 (63/32) |
21
(13/8)
|
15
(8/7)
|
67 (44/23) |
|
(Orthodox)* |
(43?) |
(7) |
(72?) |
(116) |
(34) |
(159) |
(95) |
(36) |
(235) |
(64) |
(26) |
(165) |
(40) |
(31) |
(169) |
|
Italy |
45
(30/15)
|
0 |
42
(31/11)
|
98
(70m/28f)
|
2
(1/1)
|
175
(128/47)
|
57
(38/19)
|
2
(1/1)
|
189
(128/61)
|
59 (38/21) |
2
(1/1)
|
160 (108/52) |
48
(33/15)
|
5
(3/2)
|
150 (98/52) |
|
Netherlands |
0 |
0 |
3 |
31 |
2 |
43 |
16 |
0 |
60 |
24 |
1 |
68 |
17 |
1 |
95 |
|
Yugoslavia |
9 |
0 |
6 |
10 |
0 |
45 |
19 |
0 |
37 |
17 |
6 |
35 |
9 |
6 |
34 |
|
Asia** |
15(10) |
0 |
42 (24) |
40(19) |
11(6) |
53(23) |
45(20) |
10(4) |
71(39) |
27(16) |
7(5) |
96(61) |
51 |
10 |
100 |
|
Other |
70 |
7 |
124 |
48 |
10 |
168 |
82 |
12 |
150 |
59 |
14 |
169 |
99 |
24 |
218 |
|
Total |
8784 |
1609 |
19,321 |
8904 |
2017 |
21,144 |
8505 |
1966 |
22,491 |
7972 |
1981 |
23,154 |
7831 |
1891 |
24,062 |
|
% OS born |
7% |
5% |
6% |
8% |
7% |
7% |
7% |
6% |
7% |
7% |
5% |
7% |
8% |
7% |
7% |
|
% Greek |
0.5% |
0.3% |
0.5% |
1% |
1.3% |
0.6% |
0.7% |
1.5% |
0.6% |
0.5% |
0.9% |
0.4% |
0.3% |
0.8% |
0.3% |
|
|
Lismore |
Casino |
Ballina |
Lismore |
Casino |
Ballina |
Lismore |
Casino |
Ballina |
Lismore |
Casino |
Ballina |
Lismore |
Casino |
Ballina |
|
Australia |
24,339 |
17,236 |
15,124 |
26,080 |
18,205 |
15,092 |
26,269 |
17,816 |
14,728 |
25,899 |
17,319 |
14,994 |
26,439 |
17,229 |
16,279 |
|
NZ |
76 |
52 |
33 |
66 |
31 |
34 |
56 |
41 |
35 |
54 |
39 |
26 |
60 |
54 |
60 |
|
UK etc |
1055 |
700 |
597 |
990 |
588 |
553 |
805 |
469 |
481 |
825 |
370 |
506 |
779 |
331 |
557 |
|
Germany |
9 |
10 |
4 |
10 |
13 |
2 |
7 |
13 |
11 |
14 |
13 |
8 |
25 |
10 |
13 |
|
Greece |
38 |
24 |
7 |
52 |
37 |
19 |
44 |
22 |
18 |
42 |
14 |
12 |
18 |
12 |
12 |
|
(Orthodox) |
(43) |
(28) |
(2?) |
(103) |
(63) |
(23) |
(79) |
(33) |
(21) |
(82) |
(37) |
(21) |
(65) |
(28) |
(26) |
|
Italy |
367 |
21 |
83 |
646 |
55 |
81 |
708 |
34 |
121 |
592 |
30 |
107 |
502 |
28 |
89 |
|
Netherlands |
5 |
7 |
0 |
29 |
44 |
22 |
24 |
57 |
25 |
22 |
42 |
36 |
19 |
34 |
48 |
|
Yugoslavia |
3 |
1 |
0 |
11 |
2 |
2 |
6 |
1 |
12 |
7 |
0 |
6 |
2 |
0 |
9 |
|
Asia |
71(54) |
35(13) |
16(3) |
63 (38) |
38 (13) |
34(26) |
73(44) |
22(7) |
29(23) |
75(31) |
29(11) |
28(15) |
93 |
25 |
39 |
|
Other |
63 |
39 |
40 |
91 |
65 |
52 |
97 |
54 |
73 |
123 |
37 |
72 |
162 |
81 |
105 |
|
Total |
26,026 |
18,125 |
15,904 |
28,038 |
19,078 |
15,891 |
28,089 |
18,529 |
15,533 |
27,653 |
17,893 |
15,795 |
28,099 |
17,814 |
17,211 |
|
*
Difference between numbers of Orthodox adherents and Greek born is a fair
indicator of number of Aust born children of Greek parents – at least those
with both parents Greek.
** Figures in brackets are total of Indian, Pakistan and Ceylon born, some (or most ?) of whom could be British colonials.
1. Lismore = Lismore + Gundurimba + Terania. [Vast majority of Italians in
Terania Shire. 12 Orthodox adherents Terania 1954, but no Greeks. 2 Greek
born 1933. 1 in 1947. 1 again in 1961.]
2. Casino = Casino + Kyogle.
3. Ballina = Ballina + Woodburn + Tintenbar + Tomki.
4. In 1933 there were 5 Greeks and 20 Italians in Byron, 3/0 in Mullum and
25/18 in Tweed. [Lismore 32/300, Casino 20/17, Ballina 5/36]
5. Most of the Greeks of the Byron Shire can be considered as Mullum Greeks,
making Mullum, by the mid 1950s, the single largest postwar Greek enclave in
rural NSW after the Greek community at Queanbeyan, where a lot were
Macedonians. While the Tweed district had bigger total numbers, half of whom
were Macedonians, they were too spread to be considered as a single
community. In 1947 Murbah had 36m/5f Greeks and the surrounding Tweed Shire
had 56/15, including Tweed Heads. In 1954 this was 23/5 Murbah, 2/1 Tweed
Heads and 64/28 in rest of shire. Apart from a few other agricultural enclaves
like Mullum and Tweed, most other Greeks in country NSW remained in the cafe
game. 1961: Murbah 22/9, Tweed Heads 0, Rest of Shire 63/45. 1966: 20/9, 0,
43/23.
1. In
1911 there were 36 Greeks on the Richmond-Tweed (31m, 5f) [+122 Italians].
1921: 49 Greeks (44m, 5f) [+101 Italians]. 1933: 86 Greeks (78m, 8f) and 107
Orthodox adherents [+421 Italians – huge influx due refugees from Mussolini’s
excesses – most from same
areas as original New Italy settlers.]
2.
Between 1947 and 1954 the population of the North Coast, then defined as the
40mile strip between Kempsey and the border, grew by 12,113, of whom 2,843
were post war migrants, the majority from the British Isles, contributing
23.47% of the total increase.
Comparable areas were
(a) the Riverina, which had an increase of 11,613
people, 37.12% of whom were immigrants,
(b) the adjacent South Western Slopes, which increased
by 15,521 people, 27.25% of whom were immigrants, and
(c) the Southern Tablelands, centred around Canberra and the
Snowy, which increased by 14,579, 51.35% of whom were migrants. The ACT itself
grew by 13,410 people, 35.22% of whom were postwar migrants. Adjacent to the
Northern Rivers, 981 post war migrants settled on the New England Tablelands
making up 34.86% of the total population increase.
Otherwise most migrants settled in Sydney and surrounds or the industrial
belts of Newcastle and Wollongong. Overall, NSW increased by 439,163 people,
48.88% of whom were migrants. Australia’s population grew by 1,402,406, of
whom 662,991 were migrants making up 47.28% of the total increase. Of these,
394,858 were Europeans other than British. 14,119 were Greek, bringing the
total Greek born population of Australia to 25,862. Total Greeks NSW 1954 was
9175, only 4% of whom were in the Richmond-Tweed.
3.
In 1954 3 Greek born (2 males and 1 female) were recorded at Byron Bay and 79
(52m, 27f) in the rural area of the shire, probably all banana growers in the
hills behind Mullum. [In 1961 this became 4 (3m, 1f) and 56 (35m, 21f)
respectively.]
4.
In 1954 28 Greek born (23 males and 5 females) were recorded in Murbah, most
being ‘ethnic Greek’ in the cafe game. Apart from the three at Tweed Heads,
the remainder in the Tweed Shire were banana growing in the rural area, about
half of whom can be assumed to be Greek Macedonians, ie about 46. Most of the
Yugoslavs were Macedonian and about 15-20% of the ‘others’ were Albanian and
Bulgarian Macedonians. Also within the ‘others’ were Romanians, some of whom
could be of Ithacan descent.
5.
In 1961 there were 31 Greeks in Murbah (22m, 9f), none at Tweed Heads and 108
(63m, 45f) in the rest of the Shire.
6.
In 1966 there were 29 Greeks in Murbah (20m, 9f), still none at Tweed Heads
and 66 (43m, 23f) in the rest of the shire.
7.
In 1961 there were 24 (18m, 6f) Greek born on the Gold Coast, in a total
population of 33,716. In 1966 there were 51 (36m, 15f) Greek born and 204
Orthodox adherents on the Gold Coast – in a total population of 49,481. In
1971 there were 39 (21m, 18f) Greek born on the Gold Coast, inclusive of 6
(6m, 0f) at Coolangatta and 17 (14m, 3f) at Southport, and 243 Orthodox
adherents in a total population of 66,697.
8.
By 1996 there were 24 Greeks and 3 Yugoslav Macedonians remaining in the Byron
Shire, contributing 0.1% of the total population of 27,006. The Germans were
the largest ‘foreign’ group after the Kiwis, Brits and Ferals. Byron and Tweed
Shires also had the largest percentage of overseas born on the north coast,
albeit still a 14% minority in the shires and way below the State average of
23% foreigners. In the Tweed Shire there were 35 Greeks and 4 Yugoslav
Macedonians remaining, contributing 0.06% of the total population of 66,578.
The Dutch were the dominant group, excluding the Kiwis and Brits. Over the
Richmond/Brunswick/Tweed region there were 99 Greeks and 10 Yugoslav
Macedonians, a negligible percentage of the total 248,912 people in the
combined districts. After the Australian born the Kiwis and Brits were the
dominant group, followed a long way behind by the Germans.
9
By 2001 the number of Greeks and Macedonians in the Tweed-Brunswick had risen
to 91, with the main increase at Tweed Heads, probably indicating they were
internal migratees relocating in retirement. [Migrant retirees also probably
account for the increasing percentage of migrants in the north coast
population.] There were also 358 people claiming to be Australian born
children of Greek and Macedonian parents and 187 claiming grandchildren
status. What percentage were offspring of the original district settlers is
anybody’s guess.
10.
By 2001 summons from God had reduced the number of Greeks and Yugoslav
Macedonians in NSW to 36,882 and 19,057 respectively, diluting their share of
the State’s population to 0.9%. Greek migration to Australia slowed to a
trickle sometime ago and today Greece’s outlook is overwhelmingly European.
Currently, Germany seems to be the favoured migration destination.
11. By the 2006 census the Australian-born made up 82.2% of the
Richmond-Tweed Region's population, verses 69% of the NSW population.
(Richmond Valley Shire 89.7%, Lismore Municipality 86.4%, Kyogle Shire 86.4%,
Ballina Shire 85%, Tweed Shire 78.9%, Byron Shire 74.7%. Hierarchy by towns:
Casino 91.1%, Kyogle 89.9%, Lismore 87.4%,
Murwillumbah 85.1%, Ballina 84.1%, Bangalow 80.6%,
Mullumbimby 79.1%, Tweed Heads 77.1%, Byron Bay 69.4%)
A. The rural population of the Richmond-Tweed
peaked in 1933 and progressively declined through to 1971. Between 1976 and
1981, the rural population grew 35.42% (35,457 to 48,015), exceeding the urban
population growth at 24.31% (70,723 to 87,913), giving an overall increase of
28.02%. However, the growth was mostly in the hinterland areas of the coastal
LGAs, notwithstanding that the ‘Gold Coast’ part of the Tweed Shire had the
greatest growth (65.8%), the rural part of which came in at 82.2% - followed
by Ballina municipality (47.7%), Byron shire (41.3%) and the remainder of the
Tweed shire (26.8%), where growth was mostly small hobby farms rather than
urban centres.
B. The Richmond-Tweed region outside the coastal centres continues to
stagnate. While the total population as at 2001 was 213,264, up 5.2% in 5yrs,
the state average growth was 5.5%. The growth was all on the coastal strip
with Tweed Shire up 11%,
Byron Shire up 9.7%, Ballina Shire up 7.3%, Lismore City down 2.8%, Casino
town down 6.8% and Kyogle Shire down 5.6%. The drift to the coast seems
irreversible, at least for the foreseeable future.
C. Lismore Municipality has progressively gobbled up outlying shires and now
covers 1267 sq miles – from North Woodburn in the south to Nimbin in the north
and from Clunes in the east to half way to Casino in the west.
Top of Page
|
Greek
Statistics - Comparison
Statistics - 1954 Census
|
Statistical Division |
Total Population 1954 |
Increase on 1947 |
Post-war migrants
& % of increase |
Total Greeks
|
Males
|
Females
|
% Greeks 1954 |
|
|
|
|
|
1954 |
1947 |
1954 1947 |
1954 |
1947 |
|
|
Metropolitan Sydney |
1,863,161 |
|
|
5346 |
|
3342 |
|
2004 |
|
0.3% |
|
Balance of Cumberland
(Camden-Windsor etc) |
65,730 |
|
|
134 |
|
76 |
|
58 |
|
0.2% |
|
South Coast
(Wollongong) |
171,573
(90,852) |
42,574 (33%)
(27,892) (44%) |
17,433 (41%) |
613
(531) |
|
434
(368) |
|
179
(163) |
|
0.4% |
|
Southern Tablelands
(Bombala-Yass)
Goulburn
Queanbeyan
Yass |
64,487
(19,183)
(7310)
(3662) |
14,574 (29%)
(1872) (11%)
(2277) (45%)
(408) (13%) |
7486 (51%) |
309
(77)
(139)
(32) |
(53)
(42)
(7) |
207
(56)
(82)
(22) |
(37)
(27)
(6) |
102
(21)
(57)
(10) |
(16)
(15)
(1) |
0.5%
(1.9%)
(0.9%) |
|
South Western Slopes
(Albury-Young)
Albury
Wagga |
127,793
(16,726)
(19,235) |
15,521 (14%)
(2314) (16%)
(3157) (20%) |
4230 (27%) |
302
(44)
(81) |
(39)
(24) |
207
(29)
(58) |
(35)
(18) |
95
(15)
(23) |
(4)
(6) |
0.2% |
|
Riverina
(Corowa-Narrandera) |
86,661 |
11,613 (16%) |
4311 (37%) |
199 |
|
132 |
|
67 |
|
0.2% |
|
Western
(Balranald-Wilcannia)
Broken Hill |
60,519
(31,351) |
9413 (18%)
(4297) (16%) |
2100 (22%) |
190
(126) |
(103) |
140
(86) |
(72) |
50
(40) |
(31) |
0.3% |
|
Central Plain
(Condoblin-Warren) |
28,352 |
4689 (20%) |
792 (17%) |
105 |
|
82 |
|
23 |
|
0.4% |
|
Central Western
Slopes
(Dubbo-Peak Hill)
Dubbo |
66,844
(12,009) |
7887 (13%)
(1804) (18%) |
1815 (23%) |
247
(68) |
(30) |
172
(50) |
(21) |
75
(18) |
(9) |
0.4% |
|
Central Tablelands
(Blue Mounts-Orange)
Blue Mountains
Cowra
Orange |
155,748
(23,089)
(6097)
(18,247) |
12,116 (8%)
(1759) (8%)
(624) (11%)
(2315) (15%) |
7698 (64%) |
288
(71)
(35)
(42) |
(35)
(34) |
220
(52)
(24)
(33) |
(28)
(29) |
68
(42)
(11)
(9) |
(7)
(5) |
0.2% |
|
Hunter & Manning
(Cessnock-Wingham)
Newcastle
Scone |
399,964
(134,079)
(3351) |
56,561 (17%)
(6941) (6%)
(1098) (49%) |
18,131 (32%) |
635
(308)
(32) |
(146)
(3) |
424
(208)
(21) |
(111)
(3) |
211
(100)
(11) |
(35)
(0) |
0.2%
(1%) |
|
North Coast
(Kempsey-Tweed Hds)
Mullum & Surrounds
Lismore
Murwillumbah |
171,325
(~7400)
(17,372)
(6748) |
12,113 (8%)
(~500) (7%)
(2158) (14%)
(330) (5%) |
2843 (24%) |
412
(104)
(52)
(28) |
(47)
(44)
(41) |
278
(71)
(34)
(23) |
(33)
(29)
(36) |
134
(35)
(18)
(5) |
(14)
(8)
(5) |
0.2%
(1.4%)
(0.3%)
(0.4%) |
|
Northern Tablelands
(Armidale-Walcha)
Armidale |
54,277
(8661) |
2814 (6%)
(852) (11%) |
981 (35%) |
84
(30) |
(13) |
51
(18) |
(10) |
33
(12) |
(3) |
0.2% |
|
North Western Slopes
(Barraba-Tamworth)
Tamworth |
67,579
(13,641) |
8444 (14%)
(1570) (13%) |
1320 (16%) |
125
(52) |
(29) |
91
(34) |
(24) |
34
(18) |
(5) |
0.2% |
|
North Central Plain
(Moree-Wee Waa)
Moree |
32,370
(5502) |
3385 (12%)
(396) (8%) |
681 (20%) |
125
(44) |
(15) |
87
(27) |
(15) |
38
(17) |
(0) |
0.4% |
|
Total NSW 1954 |
3,423,529 |
439,163 (15%) |
214,672 (49%) |
9125 |
|
5938 |
|
3187 |
|
0.3% |
|
Total QLD 1954 |
1,318,259 |
210,760 (19%) |
63,495 (30%) |
2676 |
|
1722 |
|
954 |
|
0.2% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total NSW 1921 |
2,088,656 |
|
|
1271 |
|
1133 |
|
138 |
|
0.06% |
|
Total NSW 1933 |
2,600,847 |
|
|
2931 |
|
2341 |
|
590 |
|
0.1% |
|
Total NSW 1947 |
2,984,838 |
|
|
4664 |
|
3419 |
|
1225 |
|
0.2% |
|
(Metropolitan Sydney
1961) |
(2,183,388) |
|
|
(20,697) |
|
(11,571) |
|
(9126) |
|
(1%) |
|
Total NSW 1961 |
3,916,907 |
|
|
26,760 |
|
15,390 |
|
11,370 |
|
0.7% |
|
Total NSW 1966 |
4,233,822 |
|
|
48,494 |
|
Orthodox = 96,606 |
1.2% |
|
Total NSW 1971 |
4,601,180 |
|
Greek Orthodox = 129,178 |
|
