|
Aliens of the
Tweed and Brunswick
ANNEX Ac
|
Year |
Bangalow |
Byron Bay |
Mullumbimby |
Murwillumbah |
Tweed Heads (Cooloon) |
Cudgen |
Tumbulgum |
|
1Jan |
Euros |
Aliens |
Chins |
Euros |
Aliens |
Chins |
Euros |
Aliens |
Chins |
Euros |
Aliens |
Chins |
Euros |
Aliens |
Chins |
Euros |
Aliens |
Chins |
Euros |
Aliens |
Chins |
|
1897 |
|
|
|
1004 |
? |
1 |
551 |
? |
0 |
1829 |
? |
8 |
532 |
? |
0 |
591 |
? |
0 |
557 |
? |
0 |
|
1897* |
|
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
0 |
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
1898 |
|
|
|
1065 |
? |
1 |
762 |
? |
0 |
1850 |
? |
9 |
304 |
? |
0 |
547 |
? |
0 |
594 |
? |
0 |
|
1899 |
|
|
|
1107 |
13 |
1 |
830 |
0 |
0 |
1833 |
106 |
11 |
250 |
0 |
6 |
532 |
236 |
0 |
560 |
70 |
0 |
|
1900 |
|
|
|
1086 |
19 |
2 |
1120 |
0 |
0 |
2418 |
86 |
10 |
312 |
10 |
0 |
534 |
240 |
0 |
597 |
58 |
0 |
|
1901 |
|
|
|
1563 |
27 |
1 |
1306 |
2 |
0 |
2254 |
40 |
10 |
483 |
22 |
1 |
509 |
253 |
0 |
696 |
65 |
0 |
|
1902 |
|
|
|
1896 |
7 |
2 |
1317 |
0 |
0 |
2342 |
43 |
9 |
524 |
33 |
1 |
487 |
228 |
0 |
703 |
62 |
0 |
|
1903 |
|
|
|
2065 |
37 |
1 |
1697 |
54 |
0 |
2239 |
20 |
12 |
548 |
12 |
0 |
541 |
187 |
2 |
946 |
79 |
0 |
|
1904 |
|
|
|
2384 |
33 |
3 |
2078 |
37 |
1 |
2606 |
20 |
12 |
541 |
34 |
2 |
571 |
162 |
2 |
1053 |
106 |
0 |
|
1905 |
|
|
|
2566 |
22 |
5 |
2325 |
55 |
7 |
3068 |
30 |
12 |
734 |
35 |
0 |
605 |
157 |
2 |
1058 |
78 |
0 |
|
1906 |
2420 |
25 |
3 |
1709 |
14 |
3 |
2286 |
55 |
7 |
3270 |
30 |
11 |
683 |
42 |
0 |
667 |
131 |
2 |
1197 |
73 |
0 |
|
1907 |
2530 |
23 |
3 |
1861 |
13 |
2 |
2644 |
80 |
6 |
3565 |
44 |
17 |
687 |
42 |
1 |
743 |
190 |
2 |
1293 |
51 |
0 |
|
1908 |
2590 |
34 |
2 |
2032 |
14 |
3 |
2809 |
39 |
10 |
4212 |
46 |
12 |
809 |
13 |
2 |
787 |
97 |
3 |
1250 |
48 |
0 |
|
1909 |
2594 |
34 |
2 |
2278 |
20 |
3 |
3273 |
33 |
8 |
4512 |
30 |
12 |
725 |
27 |
2 |
806 |
80 |
0 |
1258 |
46 |
0 |
|
1910 |
2939 |
35 |
3 |
2666 |
1 |
8 |
3611 |
19 |
7 |
5612 |
44 |
22 |
747 |
47 |
2 |
982 |
171 |
3 |
1300 |
52 |
0 |
|
1911 |
2989 |
60 |
2 |
2720 |
1 |
8 |
3595 |
28 |
7 |
6006 |
44 |
18 |
782 |
43 |
2 |
989 |
172 |
3 |
1290 |
51 |
0 |
|
1912 |
3036 |
40 |
1 |
2680 |
0 |
1 |
3767 |
5 |
7 |
6190 |
42 |
19 |
801 |
43 |
2 |
866 |
128 |
3 |
1403 |
46 |
0 |
|
1913 |
3040 |
40 |
2 |
2790 |
1 |
5 |
3785 |
18 |
7 |
7308 |
96 |
22 |
925 |
46 |
2 |
940 |
62 |
3 |
1370 |
20 |
10 |
|
1914 |
3046 |
20 |
2 |
2790 |
1 |
5 |
3632 |
35 |
7 |
7100 |
63 |
32 |
932 |
72 |
2 |
961 |
65 |
3 |
1546 |
26 |
6 |
|
1915 |
3182 |
34 |
10 |
3042 |
0 |
6 |
3641 |
36 |
6 |
7800 |
46 |
22 |
1124 |
69 |
2 |
987 |
62 |
3 |
1320 |
20 |
6 |
|
1916 |
3182 |
34 |
14 |
3004 |
0 |
6 |
3589 |
38 |
26 |
7500 |
60 |
38 |
1234 |
39 |
2 |
1230 |
70 |
2 |
1300 |
20 |
10 |
|
1919 |
3172 |
7 |
6 |
2651 |
5 |
3 |
3951 |
87 |
48 |
10,962 |
107 |
52 |
1819 |
34 |
2 |
1298 |
61 |
5 |
1596 |
57 |
5 |
|
1920 |
|
|
|
Feb1920 Police find 147 Chinese in Mullum district, prob inclusive of
Crabbes Crk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1921 |
Census 4Apr21: Byron Shire: 8078 Euro,
89 Alien*, 119 Chinese, 38 Mixed Coloured Race** |
Municipality: 1313 Euro, 1Alien, 13Chin, 2Mixed |
Municipality: 2832 Euro, 13Alien, 10Chin, 6Mixed |
Tweed Shire: 11,788 Euro, 254 Alien, 26 Chinese, 207 Mixed Race
(Aliens include 47 Hindu, 174 Polynesians, 5 Syrians) |
|
1926 |
Police District = 3918 |
Police District = 2621 |
Police District = 3800 |
Police District = 7683 |
Police District = 2410 |
1180 |
1943 |
|
1927 |
3511 |
2611 |
4287 |
7657 |
2007 |
1206 |
1959 |
|
1933 |
Census 30Jun33: Byron Shire: 7884 Euro,
46 Alien*, 2 Chinese, 35 Mixed Coloured Race** |
Municipality: 1359Euro,
1Alien, 1Chin, 1Mixed |
Municipality: 3876Euro,
14Alien, 3Chin, 2Mixed |
Tweed Shire: 12,767 Euros, 169 Aliens, 9 Chinese, 259 Mixed Race
(Aliens include 14 Hindu, 104 Polynesians, 26 Syrians, 1 Japanese) |
|
Police District of Brunswick Heads
became District of Mullumbimby 1898.
Burringbar split between Mullum and Cudgen
until Police District
of Burringbar formed ~1922/23.
Population 1Jan26 = 1131 total, 1Jan27 = 1095 total.
In 1900 portion of the Byron Bay District was absorbed into Lismore.
‘Aliens’ = ‘Asians other than Chinese’.
How the police categorised Aust born ‘mixed coloured race’ is still a head
scratcher.
1897* = survey of ‘Hindoos’ wef 31Jul1897. ‘Aliens’ = ‘Hindoos’ only, but
those around Tumbulgum could have included 'Cingalese' from Goa.
Note: Some of the figures look suss at times. Possible that police compilers
randomly filed ‘Chinese’ under ‘alien’, and vice versa, on some occasions. And
anecdotally the number of Chinese and ‘Hindoos’ around Mullum and Southern
Tweed during the banana boom was greater than police figures indicate.
Figures generally compiled at the end of each year for publication wef 1Jan
following year. A lot of itinerants probably missed out on count. ‘Hindoos’
were particularly mobile as they rotated through their large enclave in North
Lismore, mostly doing contract farm work throughout the region. Hawkers, both
Syrian and Hindoo, similarly mobile.
The ‘Aliens’ of Mullum were
mainly ‘Hindoos’, but gradually a permanent ‘Kanaka’ community built up.
* ‘Alien’ includes Indian, Japanese, Polynesian, Syrian and ‘Other’, for which
census provides numbers for each ‘Race’ (or ‘Full Blood’) category.
** ‘Mixed Race’ includes ‘Australian Aborigines’, Chinese, Indian and ‘Other’,
for which census provides numbers of each individual category.
Presumably ‘Mixed Race’ (or ‘Half Caste’ as defined in census) means
Australian born of mixed Alien and Chinese parentage. As they were not
‘European’, it’s a mystery how the police categorized them, if they counted
them at all, in their census - not to mention the Australian born of same race
‘coloured’ parents. Question is significant as ‘Mixed’ numbers gradually
overtook genuine ethnic Alien and Chinese numbers. (eg, the 1911 Commonwealth
census shows 152 Polynesians in the Richmond-Tweed region, nearly all of whom
were around Tumbulgum and Cudgen, yet police census shows 223 ‘aliens’ in
these districts, nearly all of whom were ‘Kanakas’, leading to conclusion that
Police were counting
Aust born and ‘half castes.’)
In 1921 the Hindu enclave around Mullum (68) was the largest in the state,
while the Chinese enclave was the largest in NSW outside Sydney. The
Polynesian enclave at Cudgen remained the largest in the state.
In 1933 the Hindu enclave around Nimbin (60) was the largest in the state,
followed by the community around Woolgoolga (49), which had grown from zero in
1921. The Polynesian enclaves around Cudgen and Tumbulgum remained the largest
in the state. The Chinese began to fade away ~1923 following the collapse of
the banana industry.
Top of Page
|
Police Census – Richmond Patrol Districts - 1
|
Year |
Alstonville (Rous) |
Lismore |
North
Lismore |
South Lismore |
Casino |
Rappville |
Tabulum |
Kyogle |
Woodenbong |
|
1Jan |
Euro |
Al |
Ch |
Euro |
Al |
Chin |
Euro |
Al |
Ch |
Euro |
Al |
Ch |
Euro |
Al |
Ch |
Euro |
A |
C |
Euro |
A |
C |
Eur |
A |
C |
Eu |
A |
C |
|
1897 |
1040 |
? |
0 |
6620 |
? |
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4035 |
? |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1897* |
|
109 |
|
|
120 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1898 |
1569 |
? |
0 |
7060 |
? |
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4134 |
? |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
547 |
? |
25 |
|
1899 |
1597 |
126 |
0 |
7680 |
63 |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4200 |
0 |
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
554 |
0 |
19 |
|
1900 |
1725 |
99 |
0 |
8197 |
85 |
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4331 |
1 |
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
500 |
0 |
11 |
|
1901 |
1850 |
95 |
0 |
8365 |
71 |
23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4500 |
1 |
8 |
|
|
|
245 |
5 |
2 |
|
|
|
430 |
0 |
5 |
|
1902 |
1835 |
30 |
0 |
8385 |
70 |
23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4700 |
1 |
7 |
|
|
|
247 |
6 |
0 |
|
|
|
393 |
0 |
2 |
|
1903 |
1846 |
28 |
0 |
9421 |
88 |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4800 |
1 |
10 |
|
|
|
282 |
1 |
0 |
|
|
|
251 |
0 |
6 |
|
1904 |
1832 |
30 |
0 |
8242 |
87 |
7 |
797 |
48 |
8 |
808 |
2 |
4 |
5053 |
0 |
12 |
|
|
|
290 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
266 |
0 |
3 |
|
1905 |
1963 |
26 |
0 |
8350 |
81 |
6 |
893 |
57 |
9 |
862 |
2 |
4 |
4714 |
6 |
13 |
|
|
|
253 |
0 |
0 |
980 |
0 |
1 |
220 |
0 |
1 |
|
1906 |
1868 |
25 |
0 |
8524 |
100 |
11 |
1085 |
35 |
10 |
1082 |
2 |
5 |
5114 |
11 |
9 |
|
|
|
255 |
0 |
0 |
1623 |
0 |
2 |
281 |
0 |
3 |
|
1907 |
1917 |
27 |
1 |
11,102 |
15 |
12 |
993 |
86 |
12 |
1231 |
7 |
3 |
6100 |
11 |
10 |
|
|
|
237 |
0 |
0 |
1551 |
5 |
2 |
296 |
0 |
3 |
|
1908 |
2017 |
0 |
1 |
11,856 |
21 |
12 |
961 |
54 |
10 |
1336 |
8 |
10 |
6500 |
9 |
17 |
|
|
|
284 |
0 |
0 |
1675 |
0 |
4 |
303 |
0 |
2 |
|
1909 |
2040 |
13 |
1 |
11,008 |
103 |
18 |
1138 |
44 |
10 |
1436 |
26 |
12 |
5400 |
22 |
20 |
1133 |
1 |
1 |
318 |
0 |
0 |
1750 |
0 |
0 |
380 |
0 |
0 |
|
1910 |
2159 |
23 |
1 |
11,794 |
104 |
15 |
1121 |
46 |
11 |
1438 |
15 |
5 |
6127 |
2 |
18 |
1062 |
0 |
1 |
396 |
0 |
0 |
2075 |
1 |
3 |
595 |
0 |
0 |
|
1911 |
2389 |
28 |
1 |
11,940 |
71 |
9 |
958 |
41 |
13 |
1570 |
14 |
10 |
6623 |
16 |
11 |
1056 |
0 |
1 |
475 |
0 |
0 |
2357 |
3 |
4 |
636 |
0 |
2 |
|
1912 |
2434 |
28 |
1 |
12,359 |
18 |
15 |
899 |
27 |
14 |
1621 |
11 |
6 |
7301 |
18 |
12 |
1129 |
0 |
0 |
465 |
0 |
0 |
2402 |
2 |
4 |
722 |
0 |
2 |
|
1913 |
2493 |
26 |
1 |
12,289 |
103 |
9 |
1112 |
56 |
20 |
1584 |
28 |
0 |
8390 |
0 |
17 |
845 |
0 |
0 |
772 |
0 |
0 |
2555 |
6 |
6 |
842 |
0 |
2 |
|
1914 |
2502 |
17 |
1 |
12,365 |
80 |
60 (sic) |
1127 |
35 |
20 |
1658 |
25 |
0 |
8540 |
11 |
9 |
1073 |
0 |
0 |
781 |
0 |
0 |
2810 |
11 |
6 |
842 |
0 |
2 |
|
1915 |
2295 |
9 |
1 |
13,521 |
61 |
10 |
1021 |
23 |
21 |
1642 |
28 |
1 |
8241 |
10 |
11 |
1183 |
0 |
0 |
851 |
4 |
0 |
2765 |
|
